Tear Meniscus Dimensions in Tear Dysfunction and Their Correlation With Clinical Parameters

Tung, Cynthia; Perin, Andrew F.; Gümüş, Koray; Pflugfelder, Stephen C.

doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2013.09.024

Cited by 92 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Additionally, there are age-and gender-related, cultural, and ethnic influences on symptoms [54,55]. We noted that CES was correlated with TMH and inversely correlated with FBUT which is in agreement with reports from Tung et al [56] and Nichols et al [51], respectively. However, these findings could be due to possible type I errors when doing data analysis on multiple tests.…”

Section: Correlation Between T4 Metrics and Signs And Symptoms For Drsupporting

confidence: 82%

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Tan¹,

Morgan²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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Objective: To study the diagnostic ability of conventional dry eye tests and their correlation with ocular surface temperature (OST) and derive the best combined objective tests for dry eye. Methods:This was a single visit study included a few conventional dry eye tests on 62 dry eye and 82 control subjects: symptom evaluation, fluorescein break-up time (FBUT), corneal epithelial staining (CES), non-invasive break-up time (NIBUT) and tear meniscus height (TMH). OST was recorded using NEC TH9260 thermo tracer and six temperature metrics of the extreme nasal conjunctiva was studied including the temperature 10 seconds after eye opening (T4-10). Diagnostic ability was assessed by calculating sensitivity and specificity and area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC). Results:No correlation (Pearson's coefficient, -0.203 to 0.209; p>0.05) was found between Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES with any of the temperature metrics. However, CES correlated significantly with TMH (r=0.276; p=0.030) and inversely correlated significantly with FBUT (r=-0.258; p=0.043). Values of Mscore at 8 were found to give sensitivity of 87.1% (95% CI: 76.2 to 94.3%) and specificity of 92.7% (84.8 to 97.3%). Values of Scount at 1 were found to give sensitivity of 93.6% (84.3 to 98.2%) and specificity of 65.9% (54.6 to 76.0%). Values of FBUT at 2 s were found to give sensitivity of 58.1% (44.9 to 70.5%) and specificity of 87.8% (78.7 to 94.0%). Values of CES at grade 2 were found to give sensitivity of 71% (58.1 to 81.8%) and specificity of 59.8% (48.3 to 70.4%). Combining CES with T4-10 (series) had increased the AUC to 78% with sensitivity and specificity of 92.3% and 42.7% respectively. Conclusion:This work validated the ability of Mscore, Scount, FBUT and CES in diagnosing dry eye and further confirmed the discordance between its signs and symptoms. Combining CES with T4-10 (series) can be future objective tests for dry eye.

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Section: Correlation Between T4 Metrics and Signs And Symptoms For Drsupporting

confidence: 82%

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Tan¹,

Morgan²

2016

J Clin Exp Ophthalmol

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“…Researchers have reported that subjects with SS have decreased meibum expressibility and quality [38], as well as increased meibomian gland dropout [39, 40] and dysfunction [38, 40, 41]. Further, SS patients have a reduced volume [1, 42], stability [39], lipid layer [39], and surface activity [43] of tears, heightened tear film evaporation [44, 45], ocular surface damage [1, 42], and increased DED symptoms [1, 41]. In effect, as indicated by Akpek et al [46], SS patients have combined aqueous and evaporative DED.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Primary and Secondary Sjögren Syndrome

et al. 2018

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Purpose: We hypothesized that women with primary (pSS) and secondary Sjögren syndrome (sSS; with systemic lupus erythematosus [SLE] or rheumatoid arthritis [RA]) have meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). We sought to test our hypothesis. Methods: Subjects with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and non-SS-related MGD were recruited from the Sjögren’s Syndrome Foundation or outpatient clinics at Tufts University School of Dental Medicine or Brigham and Women’s Hospital. The control population was recruited from the Greater Boston area. After providing written informed consent, the subjects underwent an eye examination and/or completed two questionnaires that assess symptoms of dry eye disease (DED). Results: Our results demonstrate that pSS and sSS patients have MGD. These subjects had meibomian gland orifice metaplasia, an increased number of occluded meibomian gland orifices, and a reduced quality of meibomian gland secretions. Further, patients with pSS, sSS + SLE, sSS + RA, and MGD had significant alterations in their tear film, lid margin, cornea, and conjunctiva. Symptoms of DED were increased ∼10-fold in all pSS, sSS, and MGD groups relative to controls. Conclusions: Our findings support our hypothesis and show that individuals with pSS, sSS + SLE, and sSS + RA have MGD. In addition, our study indicates that patients with pSS and sSS have both aqueous-deficient and evaporative DED.

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“…A score of 12 is typically used as a cutoff for normal, 13-22 for mild dry eye, 23-32 for moderate dry eye, and ≥ 33 for severe dry eye. [13][14][15] The total OSDI score was measured as total OSDI score × 25/ total number of questions answered. 13,14 The TBUT and Schirmer-1 test were evaluated after a full ophthalmologic examination.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[13][14][15] The total OSDI score was measured as total OSDI score × 25/ total number of questions answered. 13,14 The TBUT and Schirmer-1 test were evaluated after a full ophthalmologic examination. TBUT and Schirmer-1 test without topical anesthesia were performed on all patients with 30-min interval after the ophthalmologic examination by the same examiner.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

Kurtul

Ozer

Aydinli

2015

Eye

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Purpose To investigate the effect of vitamin D deficiency on tear break-up time (TBUT) and Schirmer test scores and to assess their relationship in non-Sjögren dry-eye patients. Methods Thirty-four patients with serum vitamin D deficiency and 21 control subjects with normal vitamin D levels were included in this study. The TBUT and Schirmer-1 test without topical anesthesia were performed to all patients. Results The mean TBUT were 5.18 ± 2.15 and 7.36 ± 3.10 s and Schirmer scores were 12.18 ± 6.44 and 18.57 ± 8.99 mm in the study and control groups, respectively. TBUT scores and Schirmer-1 results of the study group were significantly lower than the control group (P = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). The mean vitamin D levels were 11.50 ± 1.8 ng/ml in the study group and 32.8 ± 8.72 ng/ml in control group (P = 0.001). Dry-eye symptoms were detected in all patients in the study group and 15% of the patients in the control group. Conclusions We demonstrated that vitamin D deficiency decreases the TBUT and Schirmer test values and may be associated with dry-eye symptoms in non-Sjögren syndrome.

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Tear Meniscus Dimensions in Tear Dysfunction and Their Correlation With Clinical Parameters

Cited by 92 publications

References 47 publications

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Diagnostic Ability of Conventional Dry Eye Tests and their Correlation with Ocular Surface Temperature

Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Primary and Secondary Sjögren Syndrome

The association of vitamin D deficiency with tear break-up time and Schirmer testing in non-Sjögren dry eye

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