Tear Osmolarity

Murube, Juan

doi:10.1016/s1542-0124(12)70028-9

Cited by 70 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…56 Imbalances between tear production and elimination cause tear film instability and hyperosmolarity in humans 57,58 and rabbits. 59 As a result, tear osmolarity has been recommended as an objective clinical measurement of the balance among these complex tear film dynamics.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values, intertest correlations, and test-retest repeatability of selected tear film tests in healthy cats

Sebbag

Kass

Maggs

2015

javma

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Objective—To determine reference values, intertest correlations, and test-retest repeatability of Schirmer tear test 1 (STT-1), phenol red thread test (PRTT), tear film breakup time (TFBUT), tear osmolarity, and meibometry in healthy cats. Design—Evaluation study. Animals—135 healthy domestic cats aged 0.5 to 12.8 years. Procedures—Each test was performed once in 120 cats and repeated in 40. Pearson correlation was used to assess correlation among tests. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and 95% limits of agreement (LOA) were used to evaluate test-retest repeatability. Results—Median (95% central range) values were 18 mm/min (9 to 34 mm/min) for STT-1, 29 mm/15 s (15 to 37 mm/15 s) for PRTT, 12.4 seconds (9.1 to 17.7 seconds) for TFBUT, 322 mOsm/L (297 to 364 mOsm/L) for osmolarity, and 32 meibometry units (MU; 11 to 114 MU) for peak meibometry value. The STT-1 and PRTT values were positively correlated. Age was weakly associated with TFBUT and osmolarity. Meibometry measurements were higher for strips that contacted the tear film (285 MU) than for those that touched the eyelid margin only (32 MU). All ICCs were < 0.75, and 95% LOA were wide. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Tear deficiency should be suspected in cats with STT-1 < 9 mm/min, PRTT < 15 mm/15 s, or TFBUT < 9 to 10 seconds. Generally poor correlation among tests suggested that thorough tear film analysis requires performance of multiple tests in concert. Relatively poor test-retest repeatability should be considered when repeated tests are used to monitor tear film dysfunction and response to treatment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reference values, intertest correlations, and test-retest repeatability of selected tear film tests in healthy cats

Sebbag

Kass

Maggs

2015

javma

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“…It ensures the sharpest vision [11], protects the ocular surface against infection [11], and provides for lubrication to minimize or avoid the damage from shear forces between the eyelids and the corneal epithelium incurred during eye blinking [5,25]. Evaluating the quality and quantity of the PCTF helps us to estimate the health of the ocular surface, especially in dry eye disease [26]. Many measurements have been used to determine the thickness of the PCTF [21,[27][28][29][30].…”

Section: Dry Eye and Tear Filmmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Watery Eye

Wang

Shen

Cui

et al. 2011

Curr Allergy Asthma Rep

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The surface of the eye needs to be wet constantly to ensure its integrity in maintaining ocular comfort, clear vision, and ocular health. This article presents new findings in the tear dynamics of the human eye, with an emphasis on the tear meniscus and tear film through the day and in response to punctual occlusion and wearing of contact lenses. Recent advances in imaging technique are briefly discussed.

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“…É acompanhado de aumento da osmolaridade do filme lacrimal e inflamação da superfície ocular (2)(3) . O desenvolvimento desta síndrome ou doença possui duas fases: na primeira, um ou mais estímulos ambientais iniciam, em indivíduos susceptíveis, a agressão aos tecidos envolvidos.…”

Section: Resumo Introduçãounclassified