Technical analysis of full-scale Construction and Demolition Waste treatment plants: case studies of the Lombardy Region, Italy

Abstract

Construction and demolition activities in Italy and the Lombardy Region produce a considerable amount of wastes that can be valorised as secondary raw materials. The recovery of construction and demolition wastes is severely limited by the lack of consolidated and sustainable treatment chains and by the strong variability of their environmental characteristics that may generate potentially dangerous effects for the environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and technically define the current treatment chains in the Province of Brescia (Lombardy) by analyzing three full-scale treatment plants in order to highlight barriers to demolition waste recovery and propose possible solutions and improvement strategies. To best represent the entire management and treatment system, the analysis was developed on all the acceptance, treatment, and final quality control phases. Moreover, chemical composition and leaching data on demolition wastes and recycled aggregates were collected from the three treatment plants and statistically analyzed to assess their potential recovery according to the Italian legislation. Mixed non-hazardous waste is the fraction mostly managed by recycling plants and mixed recycled aggregates are the main products obtained from the treatment. These are mostly used in roads and in geotechnical applications. Chemical composition results showed that the pH is generally alkaline and tin and benzene are the most critical elements for both demolition wastes and recycled aggregates with respect to the regulatory limit values. Total chromium was identified as a critical compound in leachates. The results of the statistical analysis confirmed that chromium was mainly released by cement materials.

Identificação das barreiras para redução de resíduos de construção civil por meio de revisão bibliográfica sistemática

“…Alterações climáticas (Mawed et al, 2020); (Narcis et al, 2019) 2 Fonte: Autores Falta de projeto executivo bem elaborado e compatibilizado refere-se à ausência de um projeto executivo, com todos os elementos e detalhes necessários para a execução, em que deve conter todas as informações suficientes para o cumprimento em todas as etapas da obra, em conformidade com as normas da Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas (ABNT), de acordo com a Lei 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993 (Brasil, 1993) Tabela 3 -Barreiras econômicas que impedem a redução de RCC Barreiras Referências Falta de recurso financeiro (Negash et al, 2021) ; (Spišáková et al, 2021) ; (Olanrewaju & Ogunmakinde, 2020); (Bailey et al, 2020); (Ratnasabapathy et al, 2021); (Mawed et al, 2020); (Ling & Nguyen, 2013) ; (de Souza Campos et al, 2013) 8 Falta de retorno econômico com a reciclagem dos RCC (Giorgi et al, 2022) ; (Yu et al, 2021); (Condotta & Zatta, 2021) ; (Negash et al, 2021) ; (Diotti et al, 2021) ; (Bao et al, 2020); (Spišáková et al, 2021) ; (Olanrewaju & Ogunmakinde, 2020) ; (Low et al, 2020); (Bailey et al, 2020); (Ratnasabapathy et al, 2021) ; (Mawed et al, 2020) ; (Liyanage et al, 2019) ; (Mahpour, 2018); (Udawatta et al, 2018) ; (Owolana & Booth, 2016) 16 Custo de implantação de novas tecnologias que diminuem os RCC (Gagnon et al, 2022) ; (Giorgi et al, 2022) ; (Yu et al, 2021); ; (Condotta & Zatta, 2021) ; (Diotti et al, 2021) ; (Bao et al, 2020); (Spišáková et al, 202...…”

“…Medium Density Fiberboard) ou para o carvão vegetal (GAGNON et al, 2022) (Spišáková et al, 2021) ; (Olanrewaju & Ogunmakinde, 2020) ; (Pellegrini et al, 2020) ; (Ratnasabapathy et al, 2021) ; (Owolana & Booth, 2016); (Ling & Nguyen, 2013) 6 Falta de legislação vigente e de incentivo governamental (Giorgi et al, 2022) ; (Liu et al, 2021) ; (Diotti et al, 2021) ; (Negash et al, 2021); (Spišáková et al, 2021) ; (Olanrewaju & Ogunmakinde, 2020); (Pellegrini et al, 2020) ; (Bailey et al, 2020) ; (Ratnasabapathy et al, 2021); (Maekawa et al, 2013) ; (Mawed et al, 2020); (Vidyasekar & Selvan, 2019); (Liyanage et al, 2019) ; (Narcis et al, 2019) ; (Ling & Nguyen, 2013); (Gagnon et al, 2022) ; (Yu et al, 2021); (Condotta & Zatta, 2021); (Bao et al, 2020); (Low et al, 2020 ); (Mahpour, 2018); (Udawatta et al, 2018) ; (Owolana & Booth, 2016) ; Falta de fiscalização de obras (Spišáková et al, 2021) ; (Olanrewaju & Ogunmakinde, 2020) ; (Pellegrini et al, 2020); (Bailey et al, 2020) ; (Ratnasabapathy et al, 2021); (Mawed et al, 2020); (Liyanage et al, 2019) Em relação as barreiras econômicas, o custo de implantação de n...…”

Experimental Evaluation of Recycled Aggregates, Washing Water and Cement Sludge Recovered from Returned Concrete

“…The recycled aggregates obtained from the treatment of construction and demolition wastes, especially those deriving from concrete fractions, are valid substitutes for natural aggregates in concrete mixtures and in engineering works [8][9][10]. However, it is necessary to take some precautions, as, compared to natural aggregates, recycled aggregates show lower physical-mechanical performance [11,12]. In particular, as stated by Verian et al [9], contaminants and adhered mortar in the recycled aggregates should be minimized and their use kept to a limited percentage (30%).…”