Technical aspects of using composite materials for strengthening constructions

Abstract

Abstract. The construction industry has experienced the hugest number of changes during all century's history. Today in construction there is a huge set of scientific completions and innovative solutions that many times increase quality of works and process reliability of construction in general. This publication is devoted to an innovative element for strengthening building constructions and elements -to high-strength composite materials. Due to inevitable exhaustion of natural resources and increase in energy cost in the world the process of composite materials production in industrial is becoming more relevant, important and popular, such as fibreglass, basaltplastic, carbonoplastic. These composite materials possess sufficient characteristics on reliability, durability, profitability and that is the most importantenvironmental friendliness in comparison with the metal reinforcing elements. It is important that source replenishment of raw materials in modern production is possible due to processing of secondary raw materials and technogenic waste. Experience of using composite materials during strengthening building constructions, the comparative analysis from the point of ecology production and using materials, advantages of composite materials is reflected in this publication. The purpose of this publication is to show validity of using composite materials for strengthening building constructions from the point of view of reliability, profitability and also environmental friendliness in comparison with other reinforcing elements. IntroductionNowadays it is paid more attention to the problem of ensuring reliability of building elements in construction industry. The urgent need of carrying out high-quality construction works on exponentation of buildings and constructions, competent maintenance at all stages of construction and also carrying out timely repair and, if necessary, gain of constructions is the reason for that. First of all it is connected with the growing need to provide reliable maintenance of constructions because dismantling and changeover are much more expensive than repair or impossible at all. The purpose of this publication is to show validity of using composite materials for strengthening building constructions from the point of view of reliability, profitability and also environmental friendliness in comparison with other reinforcing elements. It should be noted that damages of reinforced concrete structures are, as a rule, connected with corrosion, an overload of separate elements, misuse, design errors and technology. Nowadays strengthening of building constructions with composite materials is the most reliable way of restoration and increasing in operational characteristics building constructions [1]. Considering the subject of strengthening it should be noted that throughout long time it is usually used steel reinforcement for concrete elements that has main shortcomings -corrosion of steel and conductivity. These facts have prompted researchers to improve quality of reinforcing so t...

Construction building systems protection under emergency exposure

“…To limit the magnitude of possible destruction, expansion joints are provided between segments of several adjacent spans, constructing each segment as a separate structural unit [24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]. In the vertical direction, communication floors or powerful crossbars of interfloor ceilings are arranged [20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…In addition to the above-described methods of protection against progressive destruction, mainly associated with an increase in the strength of individual elements and their knots of their conjugation, structures as a whole by enhancing connectivity and continuity, the opposite approaches have also been developed, called «segmentation» [20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], or the method controlled collapse.…”

Sustainable regeneration of urban areas (using the example of Moscow renovation program)

“…Nowadays, the population density is quite significant and is comparable with the similar indicators in large cities in Europe and North America. Moscow is a city with fairly dense traffic, although a lot of things has been done and is being done in this direction [6].…”

Reserves and exposure assessment of reinforced concrete structures safety while reducing its power resistance

“…The damage effect to the support nodes of beams and columns on the power resistance. The effect of node damage (changes in boundary conditions) is illustrated on the main elements of building frames -beams and columns [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25].…”

“…The beam B-1 bending moments in pinching equal: (19) mid-span (20) and the angle of the reference section rotation is zero. The beam B-2 bending moments are described by the equation 21which leads to the calculation of the reference moments (22) and mid-span moments (23) wherein the angle of the reference section free rotation (24) It follows that the beam B-1 without destruction can perceive as a uniform load (25) and beam B-2, respectively (26) that is half as much. Thus, if the B-1 beam will lose the ability to perceive the supporting moments due to damage to the supporting sections, and the beam itself will receive an articulated design scheme, then the resource of its bearing capacity will be reduced by half.…”