Technical, economic, and environmental modeling of solar water pump for irrigation of rice in Mazandaran province in Iran: A case study

Nikzad, Amirhossein; Chahartaghi, Mahmood; Ahmadi, Mohammad Hossein

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118007

Cited by 60 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Solar pumps are rated by the voltage of the electricity to be supplied. Equation 3 indicates the pump 's power according to certain important parameters [13], [29], [30]:…”

Section: Pump Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pump's required hydraulic power is estimated, as seen in equation 3 [13], [29] and efficiency of pump 75 % is also taken into consideration so, The panel selected is 72 cell panels, each string has the number of panels connected in series is four and the number of strings in parallel= 13 since the bus voltage is 48V.…”

Section: Pump Motor Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The economic and environmental assessment of the photovoltaic water pumping system (PVWPS) and the system efficiency were compared with traditional diesel pumping systems [13]. Results indicate that life cycle cost (LCC) is 29.9 percent smaller than traditional diesel costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation and Optimal Sizing of Solar Water Pumping System Compared to Convention Diesel of Remote Site in Egypt

Ibrahim

2020

Preprint

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The lack of electricity; high diesel prices affect Community water supply and irrigation pumping requirements and recent environmental issues coupled with diesel engines demand for a feasible alternative power source for irrigation water pumping. Solar power for water pumping is a good option and attractive choice for conventional diesel-based pumping systems. These systems have been introduced for various applications in many remote areas, ranging from grid extension and community water management to irrigation for agriculture and water supplies for livestock. The aim of this study is to evaluate technical, economic and environmental analysis of solar water pumping systems performance and compare them with convention diesel pumping systems to meet water requirements in irrigation, livestock watering, and neighborhood water supply fields. Recognition system design and selecting suitable design parameters is essential in order to achieve consistent and economical performance of any system. In order to design a solar water pumping system, it is necessary to collect information about the system components and local location climate data. Here , the maximum pumping power required of the solar PV water pumping system, which was determined for 121 m3/hr supply is 443 kW peak (8477 kWh/day) of inhabits residential, live stock and crops irrigation of agriculture remote site without grid power located in El Gharaq, Etsa Region, Fayoum City, Egypt. In parallel, a battery bank has been used as a backup during days of autonomy to increase the system stability. The system design investigates: diesel system, off-grid PV/battery system and compares with PV/Grid system extension power grid. The system model approach defines optimum system configurations with minimal cost of the photovoltaic modules, optimum battery bank size, and volume of storage tank. The optimization model takes into account the average monthly solar radiation, the fulfilling of the water required and the amount of autonomous days needed. The proposed sizing methodology is then performed to check the reliability of this proposed optimization method using commercial optimization software of HOMER 3.13.8, with the key parameters of minimum NPC and COE that shows better results using the system method proposed. It also estimates the pumping power capacity using calculations and equations. The results illustrated that the optimal configurations of this proposed system are 2.57 kW of PV and 2.11 kW converter of on-grid system while 3.83 kW PV and 1.71 kW converter and 10 units of 12 V batteries for PV/battery off-grid system and 3.10 kW PV for diesel system. Also, it was found that the net present cost of solar water pumping system for on-grid mode is equal 3 times of the PV-battery off-grid system and 4 times of convention diesel system net present costs. The cost of energy of solar water pumping system is 0.07 $/kWh for on-grid system while 0.332 $/kWh for PV-battery off-grid system and 0.434 $/kWh for diesel system. With a unit of 0.05 cent/m3, the system with the specified design pumps an average hourly water volume of about 121.4 m3 over one year. The return on investment is found to be 4–6 years for solar water pumping systems. Moreover, from an environmental point of view, the results showed that CO2 output for the on-grid solar water pumping system during the project's lifetime is 6 times lower than that for the standard diesel system. Through sensitivity analysis; energy costs increase by increasing the water storage tank's maximum capacity. Also, when discount rate is increasing; the NPC and COE are also increasing. The Pumping Power capacity is also estimated for this water pumping system and it is found around 10 HP. The results indicate that extension PV on-grid pumping system is the optimum solution for the selected site. Latest Egyptian Photovoltaic Pumping Incentives and policy proposals to encourage solar water pumping in developing countries are also mentioned. It also defines possible areas for investigative follow-up.

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“…Solar pumps are rated by the voltage of the electricity to be supplied. Equation 3 indicates the pump 's power according to certain important parameters [13], [29], [30]:…”

Section: Pump Motormentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pump Motor Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

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Performance Evaluation and Optimal Sizing of Solar Water Pumping System Compared to Convention Diesel of Remote Site in Egypt

Ibrahim

2020

Preprint

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“…Thus, it is evident that to mitigate CO2 emissions; a solar pump is a better option for irrigation than a diesel pump. Finally, Nikzad et al in north Iran observed that CO2 production from the off-grid SIP during the project's lifetime is 190-201 times lower than the conventional irrigation pumps (CIPs) (Nikzad et al, 2019). In India, diesel and electric water pumps added almost 45 million tons of CO2 to the atmosphere annually, equivalent to 8%-12% of the country's total greenhouse gas emissions (Rathore et al, 2018).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Study of Northern Bangladesh

Islam

Hossain

2021

Int. J. Renew. Energy Dev.

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Bangladesh is the most densely populated country in the world. With a total population of around 165 million, the country has constantly been facing food security challenges and other problems. Therefore, increasing food production is one of the feasible solutions to this challenge, and proper agricultural land use for food production bears critical importance. Adopting sustainable irrigation systems and viable technologies would be vital for ensuring efficient use of agricultural land in Bangladesh to safeguard the country's food security. Solar irrigation pumps (SIPs) can be a reliable option in this regard. However, Bangladesh has experienced a prolonged growth rate of SIP installation in the last decade. The countryhas set a target to install 10000 SIPs by the year 2027, albeit it is a tiny share of the 1.57 million conventional irrigation pumps operating in the country. This study aims to investigate the economic feasibility of the SIPs operating in the northern region of Bangladesh in terms of estimating financial feasibility and environmental benefits. The study is mainly based on primary data collected from the users of SIPs from two Upazilas of Dinajpur and Rangpur districts. A total of 14 SIPs, categorized into large, medium, and small pumps, are selected randomly from the available SIPs in the study areas. The financial analysis reveals that small SIPs are the most profitable option (20% IRR) for investment. Large SIPs are moderately profitable (10% IRR), and their profitability can be improved (10.50% IRR) by introducing additional uses of solar energy. However, medium SIPs are the worst (5% IRR) option for investment. In the study areas, large and medium SIPs are designed for the 'fees for service model', and small SIPs are designed for the 'fees for ownership model'. It is found that the 'fees for ownership model' is more profitable than the 'fees for service model'. Moreover, the net environmental benefit for all SIPs is found almost equal to the given subsidy for installing them. Also, the net environmental benefit per kilowatt peak (kWp) is highest for the small SIPs. This paper recommends that additional use (e.g., husking, grinding, supply excess electricity to grid, and so on) of solar energy can improve the profitability of investmenton SIPs. Further, the government should continue giving grants for installing SIPs and promote 'fees for ownership model' (small SIPs) for personal use. It would speed up the dissemination rate of SIPs and help increase the country's agricultural production and improve the environmental conditions.

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“…Indeed, invest in solar pumping system is more profitable because BCR, NPV, and IRR were higher compared to those of conventional pumps. Nikzad et al [105] investigated the economic, technical and environmental modeling of a solar irrigation pump for rice production in Iran. The results showed that the cost related to the investment when implementing photovoltaic water pumping system was approximately 2.41 larger than the investment cost of diesel pump.…”

Section: Economic Feasibility Of Pump For Irrigationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technical and Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumping System: A Review

Diop

2020

Kbes

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Climate change has become a major constraint to the development of rain-fed agriculture due to the decline of rainfall. Therefore, irrigated agriculture is an alternative allowing farmers to have more access to water in order to meet crop water requirements. However, irrigated agriculture faces a major constraint related to the accessibility of energy sources used in pumping water. In general, the most common energy sources used in pumping water for irrigation are fuel and electricity. Nevertheless, they are very expensive, are not always accessible particularly in rural areas in Africa and have a negative impact on the environment; hence the need to find alternatives to solve this problem. This review focuses on the technical and economic feasibility of solar irrigation pumps and the impact of their use on the environment. Several aspects related to solar pumping have been discussed, namely the components of the solar pumping system, the energy source used, the principle of operation of the system, the technical, economic, and environmental feasibility. Reviews show that the use of solar irrigation pumps is a technically and economically feasible alternative in several areas with less environmental impact.

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Technical, economic, and environmental modeling of solar water pump for irrigation of rice in Mazandaran province in Iran: A case study

Cited by 60 publications

References 20 publications

Performance Evaluation and Optimal Sizing of Solar Water Pumping System Compared to Convention Diesel of Remote Site in Egypt

Performance Evaluation and Optimal Sizing of Solar Water Pumping System Compared to Convention Diesel of Remote Site in Egypt

Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumps: A Study of Northern Bangladesh

Technical and Economic Feasibility of Solar Irrigation Pumping System: A Review

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