Technical, Musical, and Legal Aspects of an AI-Aided Algorithmic Music Production System

Abstract

Even though algorithmic composition might be considered a centuries-old concept, it has been gaining particular momentum since the introduction of computer-based techniques. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) methods, culminating in the latest achievements of deep learning techniques, has provided tools to automatically compose and even produce music. This paper discusses various aspects of the entire process within a context of designing a system able to automatically generate a score and recordings belonging to selected musical genres. It begins with the idea and design overview, followed by considerations regarding the algorithmic formulation of selected musical rules and principles. The system implements a hybrid approach, combining conventional, i.e., stochastic or rule-based, and AI elements. The latter are applied to facilitate the generation of selected layers of composition and to constitute a classifier with a task of evaluating the generated recordings. Selected stages of music generation are discussed, for example how motifs are processed into phrases and how phrases are used in the context of a whole song. To validate the system operation results, an evaluation of the quality of the produced music recordings was conducted, including a test with a group of listeners. The analysis also touches upon some legal aspects related to the creation of algorithmic compositions.