Technical Note: Monitoring streamflow generation processes at Cape Fear

Tauro, Flavia; Petroselli, Andrea; Fiori, Aldo; Romano, Nunzio; Rulli, Maria Cristina; Porfiri, Maurizio; Palladino, Maria Teresa; Grimaldi, Salvatore

doi:10.5194/hess-2016-501

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 22 publications

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“…If equipment is available, real-time particle tracking has the advantage that it also provides information when sediment transport occurs and can record the actual water flow. The detection of the sand would have been possible without the use of the LED-lamps or with a common fluorescent tracer 510 without afterglow effect (as used by Hardy et al, 2019Hardy et al, , 2017Hardy et al, , 2016Tauro et al, 2016Tauro et al, , 2012aTauro et al, , 2012bYoung and Holt, 1968).…”

Section: Relation Between Overland Flow Sand Movement and Plot Charac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of plot scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

Maier

Lustenberger

Meerveld

2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Glacial retreat uncovers large bodies of unconsolidated sediment that are prone to erosion. However, our knowledge of over-land flow (OF) generation and sediment transport on moraines that have recently become ice-free is still limited. To investi-gate how surface characteristics affect OF and sediment transport on young moraines, we installed five bounded runoff plots on two moraines of different ages in a proglacial area of the Swiss Alps. On each plot we conducted three sprinkling experiments to determine OF characteristics (i.e., total OF, peak OF flow rate) and measured sediment transport (peak tur-bidity, sediment concentrations, and total sediment yield). To determine sediment transport distances and to visualize where sediment transport takes place, we used a fluorescent sand tracer with an afterglow, together with UV and LED lamps and a high-resolution camera. The results highlight the ability of this field setup to detect sand movement, even for individual fluorescent sand particles (300–500 µm grain size), and to distinguish between the two main mechanisms of sediment transport: OF-driven erosion and splash erosion. The higher rock cover on the younger moraine with higher surface connec-tivity resulted in longer sediment transport distances and a higher sediment yield. In contrast, the higher vegetation cover on the older moraine promoted infiltration and reduced the length of the sediment transport pathways. The study, thus, demonstrates the potential of the use of fluorescent sand with an afterglow to determine sediment transport pathways, and that these observations can help to improve our understanding of OF and sediment transport processes on complex natural hillslopes.

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Section: Relation Between Overland Flow Sand Movement and Plot Charac...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of plot scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

Maier

Lustenberger

Meerveld

2023

Preprint

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Temporal interpolation of land surface fluxes derived from remote sensing – results with an unmanned aerial system

García

Ibrom

Bauer‐Gottwein

2020

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Remote sensing imagery can provide snapshots of rapidly changing land surface variables, e.g. evapotranspiration (ET), land surface temperature (Ts), net radiation (Rn), soil moisture (θ), and gross primary productivity (GPP), for the time of sensor overpass. However, discontinuous data acquisitions limit the applicability of remote sensing for water resources and ecosystem management. Methods to interpolate between remote sensing snapshot data and to upscale them from an instantaneous to a daily timescale are needed. We developed a dynamic soil–vegetation–atmosphere transfer model to interpolate land surface state variables that change rapidly between remote sensing observations. The “Soil–Vegetation, Energy, water, and CO2 traNsfer” (SVEN) model, which combines the snapshot version of the remote sensing Priestley–Taylor Jet Propulsion Laboratory ET model and light use efficiency GPP models, now incorporates a dynamic component for the ground heat flux based on the “force-restore” method and a water balance “bucket” model to estimate θ and canopy wetness at a half-hourly time step. A case study was conducted to demonstrate the method using optical and thermal data from an unmanned aerial system at a willow plantation flux site (Risoe, Denmark). Based on model parameter calibration with the snapshots of land surface variables at the time of flight, SVEN interpolated UAS-based snapshots to continuous records of Ts, Rn, θ, ET, and GPP for the 2016 growing season with forcing from continuous climatic data and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Validation with eddy covariance and other in situ observations indicates that SVEN can estimate daily land surface fluxes between remote sensing acquisitions with normalized root mean square deviations of the simulated daily Ts, Rn, θ, LE, and GPP of 11.77 %, 6.65 %, 19.53 %, 14.77 %, and 12.97 % respectively. In this deciduous tree plantation, this study demonstrates that temporally sparse optical and thermal remote sensing observations can be used to calibrate soil and vegetation parameters of a simple land surface modelling scheme to estimate “low-persistence” or rapidly changing land surface variables with the use of few forcing variables. This approach can also be applied with remotely-sensed data from other platforms to fill temporal gaps, e.g. cloud-induced data gaps in satellite observations.

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Assessment of plot-scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

Maier,

Lustenberger,

van Meerveld

2023

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Glacial retreat uncovers large bodies of unconsolidated sediment that are prone to erosion. However, our knowledge of overland flow (OF) generation and sediment transport on moraines that have recently become ice-free is still limited. To investigate how the surface characteristics of young moraines affect OF and sediment transport, we installed five bounded runoff plots on two moraines of different ages in a proglacial area of the Swiss Alps. On each plot we conducted three sprinkling experiments to determine OF characteristics (i.e., total OF and peak OF flow rate) and measured sediment transport (turbidity, sediment concentrations, and total sediment yield). To determine and visualize where sediment transport takes place, we used a fluorescent sand tracer with an afterglow as well as ultraviolet (UV) and light-emitting diode (LED) lamps and a high-resolution camera. The results highlight the ability of this field setup to detect sand movement, even for individual fluorescent sand particles (300–500 µm grain size), and to distinguish between the two main mechanisms of sediment transport: OF-driven erosion and splash erosion. The higher rock cover on the younger moraine resulted in longer sediment transport distances and a higher sediment yield. In contrast, the higher vegetation cover on the older moraine promoted infiltration and reduced the length of the sediment transport pathways. Thus, this study demonstrates the potential of the use of fluorescent sand with an afterglow to determine sediment transport pathways as well as the fact that these observations can help to improve our understanding of OF and sediment transport processes on complex natural hillslopes.

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Technical Note: Monitoring streamflow generation processes at Cape Fear

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of plot scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

Assessment of plot scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

Temporal interpolation of land surface fluxes derived from remote sensing – results with an unmanned aerial system

Assessment of plot-scale sediment transport on young moraines in the Swiss Alps using a fluorescent sand tracer

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