Technical research and development

,

doi:10.46299/isg.2021.mono.tech.i

2021

DOI: 10.46299/isg.2021.mono.tech.i

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Technical research and development

Abstract: Collection of scientific articles published is the scientific and practical publication, which contains scientific articles of students, graduate students, Candidates and Doctors of Sciences, research workers and practitioners from Europe and Ukraine. The articles contain the study, reflecting the processes and changes in the structure of modern science.

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Influence of surfactant on the explosive destruction of polymineral rocks

Ishchenko,

Leonid,

Ishchenko

et al. 2024

Geoteh. meh.

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Explosive destruction of rocks depends on their composition, the nature of mineral grain distribution, microcrack concentration and orientation, presence of gaseous and liquid phases. Surfactants are used to increase the efficiency of rock destruction by means of dynamic and explosive loads. The increase in destruction efficiency is achieved by adsorption reduction of the solid's surface energy, which leads to the formation of microcracks and a decrease in rock strength. Rock saturation with surfactant solutions is determined by the degree of solution acidity, rock porosity, content of liquid and gaseous components, and stress state. It is well known that surfactant solutions can lead to a 20–50% reduction in rock strength and the concentration of suspended dust particles. The decrease in strength occurs when the enthalpy of chemical reactions of a solid with an active substance is several tens of kilojoules per mole. The paper presents a method of experimental modelling of explosive rock destruction taking into account the influence of surfactants. It was found that the microcracking of granites is characterised by a high density of internal structure defects in the form of microcracks in quartz grains. In particular, the finely dispersed destruction products of pegmatoid granite samples, which are not treated with surfactants, mainly consist of elongated acute-angled fragments of quartz and feldspars (microcline and albite). As a result of studying the products of destruction by explosion of granite and ferruginous quartzite samples treated with a concentrated solution of sodium carbonate and 10% solution of sodium bicarbonate, it was found that quartz prevails in the composition of finely dispersed solid particles, which has a more rounded shape compared to quartz particles for dry samples. That is, sharp-angled fragments are practically not observed in the destruction products. It has been established that explosive destruction of granite and ferruginous quartzite samples treated with a sodium carbonate solution results in a significant increase in the average size of fine particles, as well as their median and quartile sizes. It has been established that the nature of the destruction of uranium and iron ores can be changed by treating them with surfactants. In addition, the formation of fine particles in the destruction products can be reduced by using explosive charges with different cross-sectional shapes. Keywords: rock, surfactant, explosive destruction, microcracks, fine particles, particle size distribution.

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Influence of surfactant on the explosive destruction of polymineral rocks

Ishchenko,

Leonid,

Ishchenko

et al. 2024

Geoteh. meh.

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Аналіз Ефективних Рішень Та Позитивного Досвіду Застосування Технологій Дистанційного Навчання Цивільними Та Військовими Закладами Вищої Освіти України В Умовах Воєнного Стану

Калачова¹,

Misіura²,

Пилипенко³

et al. 2022

soi

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Глобальна інформатизація сучасного суспільства, розвиток телекомунікаційних, комп’ютерних та інформаційних технологій – з одного боку, та потужні виклики до всього людства, на кшталт безпрецедентного повномасштабного вторгнення російських окупаційних військ на територію незалежної України 24 лютого 2022 року з метою знищення суверенної держави та її народу – з другого, обумовлюють суттєві зміни пріоритетних форм здійснення освітнього процесу; і дистанційне навчання в цих умовах стає єдиним можливим варіантом надання якісних освітніх послуг при мінімальних фінансових витратах на його організацію. У зв’язку з цим в умовах воєнного стану Міністерство освіти і науки України проводить інтенсивну роботу з напрацювання дієвих сценаріїв розв’язання проблем у забезпеченні дистанційного освітнього процесу цифровим контентом, пристроями, технологіями, удосконалює та уніфікує в цьому контексті низку освітніх інформаційних систем і централізованих інформаційних баз. Міністерство освіти і науки України має попередні домовленості, й ним уже розпочато амбітні активності спільно з низкою цифрових гігантів світового рівня, зокрема, Google, Microsoft, Zoom, Coursera, Udemy, edX, SpaceX, HP, Vodafone, Lifecell, Київстар тощо. Тому як ніколи актуальним стає завдання аналізу, дослідження, порівняння та структуризації інформаційних технологій (сервісів, платформ, програмних додатків, автоматизованих систем управління навчанням тощо) та навчально-методичних розробок у вигляді інструкцій, вказівок, рекомендацій, алгоритмів, методів, методик з ефективної організації та здійснення дистанційного навчання в закладах вищої освіти та вищих військових навчальних закладах України в умовах воєнного стану.

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Local Means of Thermal Diagnostic Control of Electrical Equipment Functionality

Yesaulov

Коваленко

Babicheva

et al. 2021

MEC

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Attention is drawn to the lack in many municipal transport models of off-line testing engineering tools of on-board parameters and assessment of electromechanical equipment in real time. These development restraints are caused by stagnation of engineering decisions that can be eliminated with the help of the unlimited possibilities of modern microelectronics. It has been considered an example of thermal control of electrical equipment during its operations. The popularity of the thermal method of equipment control is confirmed by its application not only in transport, but also in electromechanical devices. It has been considered methods of using several thermal transducers for collecting data and forming matrices characterizing a certain class of breakdowns. The most important matrix is the initial one, which refers to the serviceable equipment at the beginning of equipment operations. Due to increased reliability of data, it is advisable to develop effective methods for selective selection of initial values. The paper drew attention to the possibility of solving such problems by software with the implementation of comparison methods, sorting options, etc. The peculiarity of algorithms development for such auxiliary operations is due to the possibility of creating data arrays for the practical identification of possible failures, both in individual parts of the equipment and in the set of components as a whole. It has been presented the results of the binary representation of intermediate and final information messages, which greatly simplify the implementation of diagnostic examination tools. Modeling in the Matlab environment confirmed acceptability of proposed engineering decisions adapted for their implementation by means of processors with RISC-architecture. Despite the fact that binary methods of breakdowns technical appraisal will always differ much more inaccuracy than those made on the basis of direct measurements, proposed autonomous local binary experts in onboard versions of their implementation in transport are less labor-intensive, do not require maintenance, are economical and may turn out to be good helpers to prevent possible equipment failures when operating vehicles on passenger service lines.

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Technical research and development

Cited by 4 publications

References 66 publications

Influence of surfactant on the explosive destruction of polymineral rocks

Influence of surfactant on the explosive destruction of polymineral rocks

Local Means of Thermal Diagnostic Control of Electrical Equipment Functionality

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