Technical review on jet fuel production

Abstract

In present study, we investigated jet fuel production process, including the crude oil-based conventional process, unconventional oil sources-based process, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (F-T) process and renewable jet fuel process and analyzed the details of each jet fuel production process. Among these jet fuel production technologies, the F-T synthesis and renewable jet fuel process supply alternative fuels with potential environmental benefit of reduced life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the economic benefits associated with increased fuel availability and lower fuel costs. The F-T synthesis has a major advantage with the possibility of accepting any carbon-based input, which makes it suitable for using a variety of sources such as coal, natural gas and 2nd generation biomass as feedstocks. The renewable jet fuel process such as Bio-Synfining™ (Syntroleum) and Ecofining™ (UOP) as well as C-L™ (Tianjin University) is a low capital cost process of producing high quality synthetic paraffinic kerosene (SPK) from bio-renewable feeds like vegetable oils/fats and waste cooking oils/fats, greases, energy plants of jatropha and algal. The SPK has superior fuel properties to other options available today, with higher cetane number, lower cloud point and lower emissions

Synthesis of Waste Cooking Oil Based Biodiesel via Ferric-Manganese Promoted Molybdenum Oxide / Zirconia Nanoparticle Solid acid Catalyst: Influence of Ferric and Manganese Dopants

“…All binding energies are relative to C 1s peak taken as 284.5 eV. The TGA analysis was done on a Mettler Toledo TG-SDTA apparatus Pt crucibles, Pt/Pt-Rh thermocouple with the purge gas nitrogen flow rate of 30 ml min 1 and the heating rate of 10 min 1 from room temperature to 1000 . The acidity of the catalyst was performed by temperature programmed desorption using NH 3 as probe molecule.…”

“…With decreasing fossil based-oil supply and outrageous increase in the cost of petroleum fuels, joined to the raise in green anxiety and recent financial decline, thus it would be vital to expand environmentally uncontaminated and power-competent skills for synthesizing maintainable outcomes 1 . Waste cooking oil methyl ester, a biofuel that can directly substitute for petroleum diesel fuels has gained much attention due to its renewable nature, green properties, calorific value, low toxic emission, carbon neutral, environmental benefits and their low cost 2 4 .…”

Biofuels: their emergence and implications for sustainability in aviation

“…On July 1, 2011, ASTM approved the jet fuel product slate of Hydro processed Esters and Fatty Acids (HEFA) under alternative fuel specification ASTM D7566 (IATA [11]). HEFA fuel that meets this specification can be mixed with conventional jet fuel, up to a blend ratio of 50% (Liu et al [12]). HEFA is currently the leading process for producing renewable jet fuel and several airlines that use this technology including Aeroméxico, Air China, Air France, Finnair, Iberia, KLM, Lufthansa and United (IATA [13,14] This development is very intense as the legislation for price and potential new carbon emissions affects the fossil fuels.…”

Progress in Reactors for High-Temperature Fischer–Tropsch Process: Determination Place of Intensifier Reactor Perspective

“…Figure 2 provides a graphical representation of the ASF distribution [17,20]. Several metals such as nickel, cobalt, ruthenium, and iron have been shown to be active for FTS.…”