Techniques for Metal Ion Determination in Samples

Abstract

In human body building as well as in plants Metal ions play a vital role in vital functioning such as in various food chain reactions. Due to increase in industrialization everyday various industrial wastes contaminated with metal ions and metalloids. Several enzymes need them for their catalytic action, and their absence can cause a number of illnesses in humans. When this metal ions concentration level increases above the certain limits, it is harmful to human, animals, plant as well as aqua system. Because various essential biological processes in humans depend on metal ions, their absence or scarcity may result in diseases. In pharmaceutical sectors various transition metals are used as catalyst to improve kinetics of reaction. Therefore, it is necessary to determine concentration of metals ions whether it is present in within the limits, otherwise excess of its concentration may leads to toxicity in body. Also, the advisory body has made some regulatory guidelines to monitor and control levels of metals ions in food, environment and medicines. Hence more precise, accurate, economically acceptable, sensible and selective method are required to detect metal ions concentration in pharmaceutical, environmental, agrochemical and aquatic samples as well as in body tissues/fluids is also essential. Hence in our review we try to sum up various metal ion detection techniques, there mechanism and principle behind detection of heavy metal ion detection and instrumentation. The given methods are more sensitive at very low detection limits of up to pictogram level, accurate and more precise levels detection has been achieved.