Technological and economic comparison of the usage of beech and alder wood in plywood and laminated veneer lumber manufacturing

Toksoy, Devlet; Çolakoğlu, Gürsel; Aydın, İsmail; Çolak, Semra; Demirkır, Cenk

doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2005.04.012

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…In other words, the mechanical property of beech layer is more than alder layer. Similar results have been reported by Toksoy et al . who studied the properties of plywood using beech and alder species.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Utilization of waste tire rubber in hybrid plywood composite panel

Ashori

Ghofrani

Rezvani

et al. 2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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The aim of this work was to use waste tire rubber (WTR) in the middle layer of hybrid plywood materials. The effects of four variable parameters, namely, WTR contents (430 and 720 g), resin contents (120 and 160 g/m2), hot pressing (single‐stage and two‐stage), and arrangements of veneer layers on the mechanical, physical, and acoustical properties, were studied. Beech (Fagus orientalis) and alder (Alnus glutinosa) veneers having 1.8‐mm thickness were used in the production of hybrid plywood panels. Rubber layers of 3‐ and 5‐mm thickness were used in the middle layer of plywood samples. To produce plywood panels, single‐stage and two‐stage hot‐pressing processes were used. Bonding of wood layers was performed using 120 and 160 g/m2 urea‐formaldehyde resins, and to form the rubber layers and bond them to wood layers, methylene diisocyanate resin (150 g/m2) was used. Overall trend showed that with the increase in rubber content, the physical properties (water absorption, thickness swelling, and sound absorption) of the manufactured panels were improved, while the mechanical properties (modulus of rapture, modulus of elasticity, and impact strength) of the panels were reduced. Both physical and mechanical performances of plywood panels were improved with increase in resin content. An increase in the WTR content in plywood improved the composite's acoustical property. The production process of the wood/rubber plywood did not significantly affect their properties. The order of improvement in the physical properties of the panels is rubber content > resin content > arrangement of layers > pressing process. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Utilization of waste tire rubber in hybrid plywood composite panel

Ashori

Ghofrani

Rezvani

et al. 2015

Polym. Adv. Technol.

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“…mm -2 respectively. Investigations by Toksoy et al (2006) showed that shear strength after 24 hour soaking for alder plywood was 2.54 N . mm -2 and for beech plywood it was 2.75 N .…”

Section: Tab 2: Bending Strength and Modulus Of Elasticity In Bendinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Resistant Plywood of Increased Elasticity Produced From European Wood Species

Biadała¹,

Czarnecki²,

Dukarska³

2020

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The paper investigates the possibility of producing the water-resistant plywood of increased elasticity with use of veneers attained from European wood species, such as alder, birch, beech, pine as well as linden, poplar, willow and spruce. Plywood was produced in two variants. Variant I of plywood was made from various wood species, yet the veneers were of the same thickness. In variant II the centre layer in each case was made from 1 mm thick pine veneer and the face layers were made from 1.4 mm thick veneers of various wood species. The produced plywood was subjected to tests on modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, bond quality and compression ratio. Specific values of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity were also determined taking into consideration the differences in the thickness of applied veneers. Based on these investigations, the authors concluded that, regardless of the manufacturing method, the highest values of modulus of rupture as well as modulus of elasticity and bond quality are achieved for plywood made from linden, poplar, willow and spruce. The change in the plywood structure (variant II) resulted in a considerable decrease in the values of modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity (and their specific values) both parallel and across the grain. The lowest values of these parameters were obtained for poplar, linden and willow plywood. What is more, as a result of the applied procedure the bond quality of the produced plywood increased and the compression ratio was reduced. Taking the above into account, we can assume that linden, poplar and willow wood is an optimum choice for the face veneers of plywood with increased elasticity. The centre layer of this kind of plywood can be made from pine veneer of lesser thickness.

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“…Therefore, it was not a surprising result that the values of shear strength and modulus of elasticity of beech plywood panels were higher than those of birch plywood. Toksoy et al (2006) reported in their studies regarding the use of alder (Alnus glutinosa subsp. barbata) wood as an alternative to beech wood that the values of bending strength, modulus of elasticity and shear strength of alder plywood were found as 79 N/mm 2 , 6499 N/mm 2 and 2.75 N/ mm 2 , respectively.…”

Section: Economic Analysis 32 Ekonomska Analizamentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Birch and Beech Wood in Terms of Economic and Technological Properties for Plywood Manufacturing

2019

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The aim of this study was to investigate the use of birch wood, one of the most important wood species used in the plywood industry, especially in Europe, the Nordic countries, Poland, Belarus and Russia as an alternative to beech wood. For this purpose, comparison was made of their economic and technological properties. In five-ply plywood manufacturing, beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) and birch (Betula pendula) veneer sheets were used with melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) and urea formaldehyde (UF) resins. Some mechanical properties such as shear strength, bending strength and modulus of elasticity of plywood panels were conducted according to EN 314-1 and EN 310, respectively. Mean mechanical strength obtained for birch plywood panels was quite above the limit values specified in the related standards. When taking into consideration the annual increment of beech and birch trees in 1 ha and the time they need to reach suitable diameters for the manufacturing of rotary cut veneers, it was calculated that birch trees provide 2.46 times more physical harvesting than beech trees.

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Technological and economic comparison of the usage of beech and alder wood in plywood and laminated veneer lumber manufacturing

Cited by 15 publications

References 3 publications

Utilization of waste tire rubber in hybrid plywood composite panel

Utilization of waste tire rubber in hybrid plywood composite panel

Water Resistant Plywood of Increased Elasticity Produced From European Wood Species

Comparison of Birch and Beech Wood in Terms of Economic and Technological Properties for Plywood Manufacturing

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