Technological parameters for vehicles in the organization of cargo transportation in the agro-industrial complex

Bogdanov

2022

The effectiveness of the use of “direct” sowing in the cultivation of grain crops in the north-east of the Non-Chernozem zone of the Russian Federation has been revealed. Field experiments were carried out in 2019-2021 on medium loamy low-humus gray forest soils with a high content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium. The weather conditions during the years of the experiments differed both in terms of heat supply and the amount of precipitation. The objects of the study were: winter wheat of the Moskovskaya 39 variety, spring wheat – Arhat, malting barley – Elf, fodder barley – Pamyaty Rodinoy, corn for silage and grain hybrid NK Gitago. “Direct” sowing was carried out using the Primera DMC (Amazone) sowing complex with the simultaneous application of mineral fertilizers for the maximum planned yield of each crop. On average, the maximum (3.43 t/ha) grain yield when using “direct” sowing was formed when cultivating corn, and the minimum (1.86 t/ha) – malting barley. In the production of these crops, the highest (2.42) and the lowest (1.85) energy efficiency coefficient, respectively, was also revealed. An analysis of economic indicators testified to the expediency of using “direct” sowing in the cultivation of winter wheat, which was reflected in obtaining the maximum (73.3%) level of profitability. The minimum (31.5%) level of profitability was noted in the cultivation of malting barley, which is explained by the high degree of material and labor costs and its relatively low yield. The profitability of the production of other types of crop products was 1.18-1.94 times lower. In general, the agronomic, energy and economic assessment showed bright prospects for the cultivation of winter wheat and maize for grain using the “direct” seeding method after potatoes.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Direct” sowing of grain crops after potatoes

Bogdanov

2022

“…According to the data of agronomic science, for the reproduction of the fertility of degraded and low-humus soils, various methods of biologization of agriculture should be used more intensively, among which the least costly are the transition to resource-saving methods of soil cultivation and the use of combine harvesters with straw choppers. To confirm this idea, since 2007, we have laid down field experiments on the introduction of resource-saving technologies for the cultivation of grain crops using minimal and no methods of tillage [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of no-till technology on the fertility of degraded and low-humus soils

Stepanov

2022

The transition to innovative tillage technologies is currently an effective way to preserve and increase the fertility of agricultural land. The purpose of the work is to study the impact of no-till technology on the fertility of degraded and low-humus soils in the Middle Volga region. The main research method was the monitoring of agricultural lands, where traditional (control), minimum and no-till technologies for cultivating grain crops were used as part of field crop rotations. As a result of research conducted over fifteen years on degraded leached chernozems, light gray forest and low-humus soddy-podzolic soil types, it was found that the introduction of no-till technology contributes to an increase in the number of earthworms by 36% and soil invertebrates by 42%. At the same time, the ratio of different groups of soil mesofauna also changes. In particular, an increase in the number of organized predators (ground beetles, rove beetles, spiders, geofields) capable of regulating the number of harmful species of soil animals (for example, wireworm larvae) was revealed. No-till technology has a beneficial effect on agrophysical, agrochemical indicators of fertility and biological activity of degraded and low-humus soils. The crushing of straw and its use as mulch for fifteen years made it possible to form a positive balance of organic matter and increase the content of mobile phosphorus and exchangeable potassium in the soil by an average of 20% and 15%, respectively. Improving the nutritional regime of the soil contributes to a positive impact on the quality characteristics and grain yield of winter and spring wheat, winter rye, barley and corn. With the introduction of no-till technology as the main method of crop production, grain yield increases by 3 and 6% compared to the minimum and traditional technology.

Exposure of maize bioagrocenoses to diseases at no-till

Shabalin

2021

The yield and quality of corn grain is significantly affected by the infection of plants with diseases of agricultural crops. The susceptibility of corn bioagrocenoses of hybrids ROSS 145 MV, ROSS 140 SV, Povolzhsky 107 SV, Katerina SV, NC Falcon, NC Gitago and Delitop to diseases during their cultivation for grain according to traditional, minimal and no-till technology in the agro-climatic conditions of the Volga-Vyatka region was studied. In the course of research, it was found that the most common diseases of corn due to excessive moisture in the soil and high humidity during the harvest period are mildew on the cob, fusarium on the cob, root and stem rot, dust and blister smut. Under unfavorable harvesting conditions, the incidence can reach 40 %. Under favorable weather conditions, there are isolated cases of plant diseases, regardless of the cultivation technology. To protect the bioagrocenoses of corn, it is necessary to grow disease-resistant hybrids, monitor the rotation of crops in the crop rotation, apply full doses of mineral fertilizers and micronutrients, sow at the optimum time with an appropriate seeding depth, maintain a complex chemical plant protection system, starting with seed dressing. The closest to the requirements are zoned maize hybrids with a short growing season ROSS 145 MV, ROSS 140 SV, Povolzhsky 107 SV and Katerina SV.