Technologies and architectures to enable SDN in converged 5G/optical access networks

Talli, Giuseppe; Porto, Stefano; Carey, Daniel; Brandonisio, Nicola; Ossieur, Peter; Townsend, Paul D.; Bonk, R.; Pfeiffer, Thomas; Slyne, Frank; McGettrick, Seamas; Blumm, Christian; Ruffini, Marco; Hill, A.M.; Payne, David B.; Parsons, Nick

doi:10.23919/ondm.2017.7958545

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The approach finds the minimum spanning tree connecting the customer premises equipment (or the optical equipment that are closest to the customers) to the equipment at the nearest central office, while using a weighted approach taking into account the nature of the terrain and soil composition in the optimization, as these are important factors for fiber deployment in rural areas [234]. In [235], to avoid having under-utilized trees in rural PON networks, a chain of amplifier nodes is used. In both rural and urban cases, the access PON network is connected to a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) backbone ring in the approach of [235].…”

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [235], to avoid having under-utilized trees in rural PON networks, a chain of amplifier nodes is used. In both rural and urban cases, the access PON network is connected to a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) backbone ring in the approach of [235]. Although PON networks were initially devised for access/fronthaul networks, they are proposed in [236] as a backhaul solution for 4G/5G wireless networks in rural areas, and a cost analysis is performed for connecting Greek islands with backhaul PON-based optical rings.…”

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the world population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. Access to the internet would provide the population living in these areas a possibility to progress on the educational, health, environment, and business levels. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Although access/fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed in the paper, it is noted that the major limitation for providing connectivity to rural and underprivileged areas is the cost of backhaul deployment. In addition, energy requirements and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. In fact, the challenges faced for deploying an electricity network, as a prerequisite for deploying communication networks, are huge in these areas and they are granted an important share of the discussions in this paper. Furthermore, typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. The main

show abstract

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The approach finds the minimum spanning tree connecting the customer premises equipment (or the optical equipment that are closest to the customers) to the equipment at the nearest central office, while using a weighted approach taking into account the nature of the terrain and soil composition in the optimization, as these are important factors for fiber deployment in rural areas [30]. In [31], to avoid having under-utilized trees in rural PON networks, a chain of amplifier nodes is used.…”

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In both rural and urban cases, the access PON network is connected to a DWDM backbone ring in the approach of [31]. Although PON networks were initially devised for access/fronthaul networks, they are proposed in [32] as a backhaul solution for 4G/5G wireless networks in rural areas, and a cost analysis is performed for connecting Greek islands with backhaul PON-based optical rings.…”

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

DRAFT 4) Hyper Connected: This scenario corresponds to people enjoying state-of-the-art connectivity, e.g., at least 4G and possibly 5G cellular connectivity, and/or with high speed fixed DSL or FTTH or FTTN connectivity. These subscribers typically live in urban areas, and it is extremely difficult to find them in rural areas, due to the numerous barriers discussed previously. This paper surveys the literature aiming to provide basic connectivity to the unconnected population, or aiming to increase the connectivity level of those with basic connectivity ("Under Hence, the challenges for FSO in space are less critical, and indeed significantly better performance can be achieved, especially due to the fact that the optical signal is not traversing the atmosphere. In 2008, an optical inter-satellite link achieved a data rate transmission of 5.6 Gbps for distances up to 5, 000 km in the European Data Relay satellite System (EDRS). Newer terminals can transmit at a data rate of 1.8 Gbps for distances up to 45, 000 km. The intersatellite Ka band link achieved 300 Mbps [44]. In EDRS, LEO satellites relay the data from ground stations to GEO satellites using FSO for the GEO-LEO satellite communication, and RF bands for communication with the ground stations (similarly to the satellite-satellite Ka link, the satellite-ground Ka link achieved 300 Mbps) [44]. Some of the recent satellite constellations discussed in Section II-E, e.g., Starlink, are also expected to use FSO for its inter-satellite communication [45,46,47]. D. HAPs/Drones/UAVs/BalloonsTo solve the coverage problem in large rural areas without relying on the deployment of costly wired infrastructure for backhaul, HAPs and UAVs are generally recommended [48].UAVs are proposed in [49] to provide backhaul connectivity for ground 5G base stations. A steering algorithm to allow the antennas of the UAV and the ground BS to be dynamically steered towards each other is proposed in [49], and tested via an experimental setup. In[50], a multihop network of HAPs is proposed for providing backhaul connectivity to TVWS deployments in rural areas. The HAPs communicate with each other using mmWave frequencies, and with the ground stations using FSO.An interference alignment scheme to maximize the sum-rate capacity of HAPs communicating with GSs is proposed in [51]. The scheme assumes M HAP drones and N GSs, with no CSI at the HAPs. A tethered balloon with (M − 1) × (N − 1) antennas is used as a decode and forward (DF) relay with half-duplex operation: The HAPs transmit their data to the GSs first, then the tethered balloon relays the data after performing pre-coding [51].Aerostats filled with lighter than air gas are tethered to the ground and used to provide connectivity to rural areas in [52]. Although these tethered aerostats can be used to provide backhaul connectivity by communicating with each other using directive antennas, they were also used in [52] to provide fronthaul WiFi access by using high gain omnidirectional antennas.

show abstract

“…The approach finds the minimum spanning tree connecting the customer premises equipment (or the optical equipment that are closest to the customers) to the equipment at the nearest central office, while using a weighted approach taking into account the nature of the terrain and soil composition in the optimization, as these are important factors for fiber deployment in rural areas [30]. In [31], to avoid having under-utilized trees in rural PON networks, a chain of amplifier nodes is used. In both rural and urban cases, the access PON network is connected to a DWDM backbone ring in the approach of [31].…”

Section: A Fiber Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Yaacoub¹,

Alouini²

2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Providing connectivity to around half of the World population living in rural or underprivileged areas is a tremendous challenge, but also a unique opportunity. In this paper, a survey of technologies for providing connectivity to rural areas, and that can help address this challenge, is provided. Fronthaul and backhaul techniques are discussed. In addition, energy and cost efficiency of the studied technologies are analyzed. Typical application scenarios in rural areas are discussed, and several country-specific use cases are surveyed. Directions for future evolution of rural connectivity are outlined.

show abstract

Technologies and architectures to enable SDN in converged 5G/optical access networks

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity—Connecting the Base of the Pyramid: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

A Key 6G Challenge and Opportunity - Connecting the Remaining 4 Billions: A Survey on Rural Connectivity

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About