Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review

Helwani, Zuchra; Othman, Mohd Roslee; Aziz, N.; Fernando, W.J.N.; Kim, Jinsoo

doi:10.1016/j.fuproc.2009.07.016

Cited by 605 publications

(297 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…In addition, the 30 runs included 16 factorial points, 8 axial points, and 6 replicates at the center point to determine the experimental error for this study. The obtained experimental data was analyzed using a second-order polynomial (see (1)) to find the relationship between the independent variables and the % FAME conversion [6,7].…”

Section: Experimental Design and Statisticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although heterogeneous catalysts have many advantages [1], their disadvantages are also many such as a high oil-toalcohol molar ratio, high temperature, and a long reaction time [2]. The addition of a cosolvent such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) to the reaction medium is an alternative way to enhance the reaction rate, as well as increasing the solubility and mass transfer between the oil and methanol [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production Using Calcium Methoxide Catalyst Assisted with Tetrahydrofuran as Cosolvent

Chumuang

Punsuvon

2017

Journal of Chemistry

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The present study was performed to optimize a heterogeneous calcium methoxide (Ca(OCH 3 ) 2 ) catalyzed transesterification process assisted with tetrahydrofuran (THF) as a cosolvent for biodiesel production from waste cooking oil. Response surface methodology (RSM) with a 5-level-4-factor central composite design was applied to investigate the effect of experimental factors on the percentage of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) conversion. A quadratic model with an analysis of variance obtained from the RSM is suggested for the prediction of FAME conversion and reveals that 99.43% of the observed variation is explained by the model. The optimum conditions obtained from the RSM were 2.83 wt% of catalyst concentration, 11.6 : 1 methanol-to-oil molar ratio, 100.14 min of reaction time, and 8.65% v/v of THF in methanol concentration. Under these conditions, the properties of the produced biodiesel satisfied the standard requirement. THF as cosolvent successfully decreased the catalyst concentration, methanol-to-oil molar ratio, and reaction time when compared with biodiesel production without cosolvent. The results are encouraging for the application of Ca(OCH 3 ) 2 assisted with THF as a cosolvent for environmentally friendly and sustainable biodiesel production.

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Section: Experimental Design and Statisticalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production Using Calcium Methoxide Catalyst Assisted with Tetrahydrofuran as Cosolvent

Chumuang

Punsuvon

2017

Journal of Chemistry

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“…The fact that stages as pre -treatment, removal of soaps and catalyst are not needed, results to the decline of capital cost, but the expected high operational cost, due to high pressure and temperature, can be a disadvantage for the supercritical method. Thus, it is crucial to assess the competitiveness of the supercritical method in order to consider it in a biodiesel production unit (Castellanelli et al, 2007;Demirbas, 2009;Dmytryshyn et al, 2004;Gui et al, 2008;Helwani et al, 2009;Ngamprasertsith et al, 2011).…”

Section: Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Feasibility Evaluation of a Biodiesel Plant fed by Recycled Edible Oils Comparing two Alternative Production Technologies

Korakaki

Georgakellos²

2014

Global NEST Journal

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The present work is about the techno-economic evaluation of a biodiesel industrial unit that exclusively use recycled edible oils as feedstock, for two alternative production technologies. Nowadays, many biodiesel production units use a mixture of virgin vegetable oils and waste cooking oils. The examined unit will use only waste cooking oil as raw material. Thus, two different methods for biodiesel production are assessed on a financial basis for different biodiesel prices. The investigated methods are the alkaline transesterification (a very common biodiesel production method) and the supercritical transesterification (a method with non sensitivity in moisture and free fatty acids and thus not requiring a pre-treatment stage). According to the financial evaluation, the acceptance of the project for each technology is strongly affected by biodiesel's price. The results showed that the alkaline transesterification based project is accepted for the whole examined prices' range while for supercritical transesterification, the project is accepted for biodiesel prices of about 0.75-0.85 €/L.

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“…This reaction is called as transesterification. Figure 1 shows the scheme of the mentioned reaction (Leung et al 2010;Ghanei et al 2011;Veljković et al 2009, Boz et al 2009Helwani et al 2009). Since the cost of raw material has a major impact on final price of biodiesel, use of inexpensive feed stocks such as waste frying (WFO) and cooking oil (WCO) is recommended to reduce final price of biodiesel.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the first group solid acids such as tungstophosphoric acid, zinc ethanoate, zinc stearate and transition metal oxides which have acidic characterization on alumina and silica as support were investigated, and zinc stearate on silica gel selected as the best one (Jacobson et al 2008;Helwani et al 2009;Sharma and Singh 2009). In the second group, further investigations have been performed due to good accessibility and high activity in moderate reaction conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of constructional lime as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from waste frying oil

Ghanei

Moradi

Heydarinasab

et al. 2013

Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Waste frying oil as valueless material which is disposed to environment can be used as a promising feedstock to produce biodiesel. In this study, constructional lime was used as alkaline heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production from virgin and waste frying oil. After determining the best activation temperature for the catalyst (600°C), transesterification reactions were carried out at 65°C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 12:1, and 1 wt% of activated constructional lime under vigorous mixing for 5 h. Yield of reactions for virgin and waste frying oil (2.17 % free fatty acid) and pretreated waste frying oil (0.918 % free fatty acid) were 87, 93.9, and 94 %, respectively. Transesterification of virgin frying oil and pretreated waste frying oil were done at 65°C, MeOH to oil molar ratio of 6:1, and 1 wt% of KOH as catalyst under vigorous mixing for 2 h, for comparison. Yield of the reaction was 98.6 and 95.1 %, respectively. Therefore, when constructional lime is used as catalyst pretreatment of waste oil is not necessary.

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Technologies for production of biodiesel focusing on green catalytic techniques: A review

Cited by 605 publications

References 142 publications

Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production Using Calcium Methoxide Catalyst Assisted with Tetrahydrofuran as Cosolvent

Response Surface Methodology for Biodiesel Production Using Calcium Methoxide Catalyst Assisted with Tetrahydrofuran as Cosolvent

Feasibility Evaluation of a Biodiesel Plant fed by Recycled Edible Oils Comparing two Alternative Production Technologies

Utilization of constructional lime as heterogeneous catalyst in biodiesel production from waste frying oil

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