Tectonic constraints on watershed development on frontal ridges: Mohand Ridge, NW Himalaya, India

Singh, Tej Vir; Jain, Vikrant

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.11.001

Cited by 36 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Using B1 as a base case, other topographic scenarios were generated (Figure 2) to broadly consider topographic uniqueness in mountains which results from differences in drainage network, erosion and deposition processes, bedrock type, and bedrock fracture characteristics [e.g., Shepherd , 1985; Ericson et al , 2005; Singh and Jain , 2009]. Table 1 indicates the topographic attributes that were varied for each scenario.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency of groundwater flow patterns in mountainous topography: Implications for valley bottom water replenishment and for defining groundwater flow boundaries

Welch

Allen

2012

Water Resources Research

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[1] Topographic influences on groundwater flow processes that contribute to baseflow and mountain block recharge (MBR) are conceptually investigated using three-dimensional numerical models of saturated groundwater flow. Model domains for conceptual and real topographies are developed as ''mountain groundwatershed units'' (MGUs) to represent regional-scale watershed systems. Results indicate regularity in groundwater flow patterns that reflect consistency of prominent topographic features, providing a basis for conceptualizing three-dimensional groundwater flow. Baseflow is generated mainly from recharge within the watershed area. MBR is produced primarily from recharge that is focused across triangular facets near the mountain front ($73%-97% of total MBR), with additional contributions originating within the watershed (up to $27% of MBR). MBR contributions originating from recharge near the highest-elevation watershed boundaries are minimal but are greater for topography with less stream incision. With orographic influences, more MBR originates within the watershed. MBR rates are relatively consistent between models because of similarities in mountain front topography, while baseflow is variable. Gains and losses to systems via cross-watershed groundwater flux, generated because of topographic differences between adjacent watersheds, cause baseflow to vary by up to $10% but do not significantly influence MBR. In data-sparse regions such as mountains, a basic numerical modeling approach, using the MGU concept with topography data and mapped watershed boundaries, can be used to develop site-specific conceptual models to constrain water budgets, to delineate recharge areas, and to guide further investigation and data collection.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consistency of groundwater flow patterns in mountainous topography: Implications for valley bottom water replenishment and for defining groundwater flow boundaries

Welch

Allen

2012

Water Resources Research

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“…Due to progressive both local and regional uplift, fluvial entrenching is constantly at work producing a very dense hydrography. As a consequence, the present-day stream network has highly dissected the landscape in this area, thereby developing badland-type morphology [Singh and Jain, 2009].…”

Section: Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the major duns that have been extensively studied based on many geological, geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary aspects are the Pinjor Dun and the Dehra Dun [Nakata, 1972;Powers et al, 1998; 2001; Singh and Tandon, 2008;Singh, 2008;Singh and Jain, 2009] (Figure 2). Interestingly, the major duns occur in correspondence with the above mentioned structural reentrants of the MBT, thereby substantiating the threefold classification of the area into major domains as discussed above.…”

Section: Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[12] The most impressive topographic features of the sub-Himalayan belt are the structurally controlled intermontane valleys or depressions that are commonly known as "duns" [Nossin, 1971;Nakata, 1972;Powers et al, 1998;Singh et al, 2001]. Two of the major duns that have been extensively studied based on many geological, geomorphological, tectonic and sedimentary aspects are the Pinjor Dun and the Dehra Dun [Nakata, 1972;Powers et al, 1998; 2001; Singh and Tandon, 2008;Singh, 2008;Singh and Jain, 2009] (Figure 2). Interestingly, the major duns occur in correspondence with the above mentioned structural reentrants of the MBT, thereby substantiating the threefold classification of the area into major domains as discussed above.…”

Section: Topographymentioning

confidence: 99%

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The sub‐Himalayan fold‐thrust belt in the 1905 Kangra earthquake zone: A critical taper model perspective for seismic hazard analysis

2012

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[1] We investigate the broader epicentral area of the M = 7.8, 1905 Kangra earthquake(s), north India, affecting the sub-Himalayan hills. The tectonics of the area is characterized by two major rentrants (Kangra and Dehradun) interposed by the Nahan Salient. The first-order topography between the Himalayan Frontal Thrust and the Main Boundary Thrust shows a marked lateral variation along strike of the mean gradient, characterized by a very small mean slope angle ($1 ) in correspondence with the reentrants and higher values ($3 ) in the salient. These tectonic and topographic features also show a good correspondence with the peculiar macroseismic field of the 1905 event(s), which is characterized by two distinct intensity maxima, separated by a distance of $150 km, clearly overlapping the two major tectonic reentrants. In this paper, based on available geological and geophysical information and a critical analysis of the general mechanical constraints, the seismogenic volume of the external sector of the chain is investigated in terms of critical taper model attempting to clarify the possible correlations between tectonics, topography and seismicity in the sub-Himalayan belt. Based on different assumptions, three possible seismotectonic scenarios are explored in order to constrain their likelihood and therefore to suggest a potential seismic gap in the area corresponding to the Nahan Salient, which may experience an event of significant magnitude in the future.

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“…Some geomorphic indices such as hypsometric integral (Hi), stream length-gradient index (SL), drainage basin asymmetry (Af), ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf), transverse topographic symmetry factor (T) and basin drainage shape (Bs) have been used extensively to detect tectonic displacements at different places around the world (Hack, 1973;Wells et al, 1988;Cox, 1994;Keller and Pinter, 2002;El Hamdouni et al, 2008;Dehbozorgi et al, 2010;Delcaillau et al, 2010;Figueroa and Knott, 2010;Delcaillau et al, 2011;Gioia et al, 2011). In recent decades, the availability of geographic information systems (GIS), Digital Elevation Models (DEM) and satellite images provides useful information to carry out geomorphological studies of active tectonics (Singh and Jain, 2009;Font et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphotectonic evolution of triangular facets and wine-glass valleys in the Noakoh anticline, Zagros, Iran: Implications for active tectonics

Bahrami¹

2012

Geomorphology

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Tectonic constraints on watershed development on frontal ridges: Mohand Ridge, NW Himalaya, India

Cited by 36 publications

References 29 publications

Consistency of groundwater flow patterns in mountainous topography: Implications for valley bottom water replenishment and for defining groundwater flow boundaries

Consistency of groundwater flow patterns in mountainous topography: Implications for valley bottom water replenishment and for defining groundwater flow boundaries

The sub‐Himalayan fold‐thrust belt in the 1905 Kangra earthquake zone: A critical taper model perspective for seismic hazard analysis

Morphotectonic evolution of triangular facets and wine-glass valleys in the Noakoh anticline, Zagros, Iran: Implications for active tectonics

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