Tectonic controls on the evolution of the Clutha River catchment, New Zealand

Craw, Dave; Upton, Phædra; Walcott, Rachel; Burridge, Christopher P.; Waters, Jonathan M.

doi:10.1080/00288306.2012.709184

Cited by 26 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…While a proto-Clutha River draining into Eastern Otago has probably existed through the Neogene, it is only in the last ~1 Ma that it has played such a large role in draining the Central Otago region [39]. The core from Site 1122 on the levee of the Bounty Fan (Figure 1), whose average sand composition closely matches that of the Clutha River [61,63], shows considerable variation in sedimentation rate over the last 16 Ma.…”

Section: Significance For Offshore Sedimentary Basinsmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Uplift has developed across the whole of the Otago region with a series of NE-trending ranges. The Clutha River now drains nearly all of Otago cutting through NE-trending ranges [39]. DMOB: Dun Mountain Ophiolite Belt [40].…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Offshore sedimentary deposits, drilled in the Bounty Fan ( Figure 1), suggest that Lake Manuherikia intercepted most of the debris eroded from Southern New Zealand, to the east of the plate boundary, between 11 and 3 Ma [13]. Coarse debris from rising mountains at the plate boundary to the west was transported via orogen-parallel rivers into the more proximal Waiau Basin (Figure 4a-c) [39,44].…”

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sedimentation rate finally quadruples to ~400 m/Myr over the last 1 Ma, after cessation of the orogen-parallel drainage from the mountains along the plate boundary into the remnants of the Waiau Basin (Figure 4d). At this time, the Clutha River became the principal channel for sediment transport from the plate boundary mountains to the sea in the east [39].…”

Section: Significance For Offshore Sedimentary Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Far-Field Deformation Resulting from Rheologic Differences Interacting with Tectonic Stresses: An Example from the Pacific/Australian Plate Boundary in Southern New Zealand

2014

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The Miocene in Southern New Zealand was dominated by strike-slip tectonics. Stratigraphic evidence from this time attests to two zones of subsidence in the south: (a) a middle Cenozoic pull-apart basin and (b) a regionally extensive subsiding lake complex, which developed east and distal to the developing plate boundary structure. The lake overlay a block of crust with a significantly weak mid-crustal section and we pose the question: can rheological transitions at an angle to a plate boundary produce distal subsidence and/or uplift? We use stratigraphic, structural and geophysical observations from Southern New Zealand to constrain three-dimensional numerical models for a variety of boundary conditions and rheological scenarios. We show that coincident subsidence and uplift can result from purely strike-slip boundary conditions interacting with a transition from strong to weak to strong mid-crustal rheology. The resulting pattern of vertical displacement is a function of the symmetry or asymmetry of the boundary conditions and the extent and orientation of the rheological transitions. For the Southern New Zealand case study, subsidence rates of ~0.1 mm/yr are predicted for a relative plate motion of 25 mm/yr, leading to ~500 m of subsidence over a 5 Ma time period, comparable to the thickness of preserved lacustrine sediments. OPEN ACCESSGeosciences 2014, 4 94

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Section: Significance For Offshore Sedimentary Basinsmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Geological Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Significance For Offshore Sedimentary Basinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Far-Field Deformation Resulting from Rheologic Differences Interacting with Tectonic Stresses: An Example from the Pacific/Australian Plate Boundary in Southern New Zealand

2014

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“…The present topography and geology of the Central Otago goldfield are dominated by northeast-trending antiformal schist ranges separated by synformal basins in which remnants of the Miocene and Pliocene sediments are preserved (Figs 1A, 1C;Jackson et al 1996;Craw et al 2012). The antiformal ranges were initiated in the Quaternary and are still actively rising, becoming wider and extending laterally (Jackson et al 1996;Bennett et al 2005Bennett et al , 2006.…”

Section: Geological Settingmentioning

confidence: 77%

Lithostratigraphy of gold-bearing Quaternary gravels, middle Manuherikia Valley, Central Otago, New Zealand

Craw

Bartle²,

Fenton³

et al. 2013

New Zealand Journal of Geology and Geophysics

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The oldest fluvial Quaternary gravels exposed in the middle Manuherikia Valley in the Central Otago goldfield consist predominantly of rounded and angular quartz, with subordinate schist clasts. These sediments occur in a mappable middle Quaternary unit, herein defined as the Tinkers Formation (new name) that is well exposed in historic gold mine excavations. The unit contains placer gold and has been locally mined. The proportion of schist clasts increases up-section in the formation, to make up at least 30% of the gravels. Gravel beds in the formation are interlayered with loess horizons and minor mudstone (1Á4 m scale). The Tinkers Formation is unconformably overlain by coarse poorly rounded immature schist gravel that contains dispersed gold but has not been mined. The gravel units have been folded and faulted along the actively deforming Dunstan Range front, from which the gravels have been derived. Ongoing uplift and recycling of sediments and contained gold has yielded younger gold-bearing gravel units. The gravel sequence in the middle Manuherikia Valley is distinctly different from elsewhere in the Manuherikia Valley, where recycled greywacke clasts form a persistent and locally major component of Quaternary sediments. Lithostratigraphic definition and mapping of Quaternary gravels has some advantages over correlation of Quaternary surfaces, which has been the most commonly used approach to Quaternary mapping in the Central Otago goldfield, and the two approaches are complementary.

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Topological structures of river networks and their regional‐scale controls: A multivariate classification approach

Walley

Henshaw

Brasington

2020

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Landscape evolution is governed by the interplay of uplift, climate, erosion, and the discontinuous pattern of sediment transfer from the proximal source of erosion to distal sedimentary sinks. The transfer of sediment through the catchment system is often referred to as a cascade, the pattern of which is modulated by the interaction of key network characteristics such as the distribution of transport capacity and resultant zones of sediment storage. An understanding of how sediment production is modulated through river networks with different topological structures at the associated timescales has remained elusive but presents significant implications for the knowledge of river response to disturbance events, and floodplain asset management. A multivariate method of identifying representative topological structures from a range of river networks is presented. Stream networks from 59 catchments in the South Island of New Zealand were extracted from a digital elevation model and their key topological parameters quantified. A principal component analysis was implemented to reduce these to two‐dimensional axes that represent the magnitude of network branching and the topographic structure of each catchment, respectively. An agglomerative hierarchical clustering analysis revealed five network ‘types’, which are examined in terms of their internal structural characteristics and relationships to potential regional‐scale controls. Implications for sediment transfer in these network ‘types’, and their use as representative networks for further analysis, are discussed. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd

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Tectonic controls on the evolution of the Clutha River catchment, New Zealand

Cited by 26 publications

References 41 publications

Far-Field Deformation Resulting from Rheologic Differences Interacting with Tectonic Stresses: An Example from the Pacific/Australian Plate Boundary in Southern New Zealand

Far-Field Deformation Resulting from Rheologic Differences Interacting with Tectonic Stresses: An Example from the Pacific/Australian Plate Boundary in Southern New Zealand

Lithostratigraphy of gold-bearing Quaternary gravels, middle Manuherikia Valley, Central Otago, New Zealand

Topological structures of river networks and their regional‐scale controls: A multivariate classification approach

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