Tectonics, lithology and climate controls of morphometric parameters of the Edea - Eseka region (SW Cameroon, Central Africa): Implications on equatorial rivers and landforms

Ngapna, Moussa Nsangou; Owona, Sébastien; Owono, François Mvondo; Mpesse, Jean Engelbert; Youmen, Dieudonné; Lissom, Justin; Ondoa, Joseph Mvondo; Ekodeck, Georges Emmanuel

doi:10.1016/j.jafrearsci.2017.11.008

Cited by 16 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These drainage systems match with the impermeable crystallophyllian basement, high rate of fracturation, and tectonic instabilities, notably tiltings, uplifts, or subsidences. This drainage network reveals the preeminence of tectonic activities than lithological variations that have controlled the WCHM and corroborates previous results on the Southern Cameroon margin (Figures 1e, 6 and 7; Balla Ateba et al, 2021; Nsangou Ngapna et al, 2013, 2018, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…The different mounts and the plains of Tombel, Mbô, Ndop, Noun, and Tikar that separate them define the CVL a horsts and grabens morphology. Similar studies have been demonstrated by Nsangou Ngapna et al (2018, 2019, 2020) and Balla Ateba et al (2021) in the south‐western Cameroonian Atlantic coastal region.…”

Section: Geological Frameworksupporting

confidence: 86%

“…Keller and Pinter (2002), Kirby and Whipple (2012), Mathew et al (2016), Menier et al (2017), Ramkumar, Menier, Mathew, Santosh, and Siddiqui (2017) and Ramkumar et al (2019) in several worldwide margins, Nsangou Ngapna et al (2018, 2019, 2020) and Balla Ateba et al (2021) in the South Cameroon margin within the West African passive margin evidenced tectonic activities on their landscape using geomorphometric indices. The critical evaluation of the WCHM geomorphological setting shows it is an uneven geomorphic unit developed on Palaeo‐ and Neoproterozoic basement and the Cretaceous to Recent volcano‐sedimentary cover and dissected by regional active tectonic structures such as the CCSZ, BTJ, MNSZ, TBF, Foumban‐Bankim Shear Zone (FSZ), SF, and the CVL.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Western Cameroon Highland margin: Is there any geomorphometric evidence of active tectonics?

et al. 2022

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The Western Cameroon Highland margin (WCHM) within the West African margin displays an uneven high relief. Its evolutionary model in vogue suggests the tectonic activity of the Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL). An evident question in this regard is whether there is any geomorphometric evidence in support of what is this widespread view? We evaluate this question using field controls and geomorphometric indices of active tectonics derived for 13 main river basins with the help of digital elevation model (DEM)‐30 m data. The WCHM is developed on Proterozoic granite‐gneissic basement and the Cretaceous to Recent volcano‐sedimentary cover and was affected by regional active tectonic features. It is marked by transient signs of different landscape evolutionary stages recorded by the relief and drainage network; shown by gradual adjustment of rivers to equilibrium stages; and cautioned by a greatest variation of DEM‐based geomorphic indices. These indices, hypsometric integral (HI = 0.10–0.35), topography relief (TR = 595–2,710), topography dissection (TD = 114–829), valley floor width to valley height ratio (Vf arg = 0.61–14.91), transverse topographic symmetric factor (T‐index = 0.18–0.49), and basin asymmetric factor (AF = 1.08–24.37) highlight elevated and roughness character of that margin, from the Benue Trough and culminating to the CVL. River longitudinal profiles reveal variably and deeply incised WCHM by the drainage network, reinforced by ongoing tectonic activities. Knickpoints (Kps), stream length‐gradient (SL), uplift (U = 1.17–2.0), and a variety of normalized steepness (Ksn = 11.63–635.16) evidence the diversity and preeminent tectonic controls. The above results show that the WCHM is widely considered to be the consequence of the mantle dynamisms and regional tectonics since Proterozoic, the CVL activities, and the erosional processes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Geological Frameworksupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Western Cameroon Highland margin: Is there any geomorphometric evidence of active tectonics?

et al. 2022

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Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

et al. 2019

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The SW Cameroonian passive margin, a part of the Cameroon Low-Plateau, presents several topographic levels cross-cut by the Sanaga Fault (SF), Benue Triple Junction and Cameroon Volcanic Line (CVL), three pre-and syn-rift tectonic features that are still active. This study carried out on the Edea-Eseka Region (EER) a portion of this margin (3 30 0 -4 N, 10 -10 55 0 E) aims to constrain the relationships between these features and the development of the morphology. Geomorphic indices, combined with field observations and supported by literature data show that the interactive activity of these structures constitutes the main force that controls the EER morphology. From West to East, EER consists of three morphotectonic units: the Coastal, Intermediate and Upper units. The Coastal unit built on the Douala-Kribi/Campo Basin (<65 Ma) and assigned to the Aptian South Atlantic rifting, exhibits low reliefs deeply incised. The Intermediate and Upper units are developed on the Nyong and Oubanguide crystallophyllian complexes during the Eburnean/Trans-Amazonian (2,400-1,750 Ma) and Pan-African (650-540 Ma) orogenies, respectively. The Intermediate unit with moderate reliefs registers a strong differential erosion, whilst the Upper unit records high-reliefs. Geomorphic indices, tectonic and recent seismic data reveal that the EER has been rejuvenated, experienced uplifts and tiltings synchronously with the main active phases of these features. The timing and magnitude of these activities vary from one unit to another. The morphotectonic model is consistent to the crucial tectonic phases: emplacement of SF (Palaeozoic), the breakup of Gondwana and erection of CVL (Cretaceous).

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Nature of Floods in the Khari River Basin, Eastern India

Bera

Sahu

2023

Springer Geography

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Tectonics, lithology and climate controls of morphometric parameters of the Edea - Eseka region (SW Cameroon, Central Africa): Implications on equatorial rivers and landforms

Cited by 16 publications

References 34 publications

The Western Cameroon Highland margin: Is there any geomorphometric evidence of active tectonics?

The Western Cameroon Highland margin: Is there any geomorphometric evidence of active tectonics?

Evolution of the Edea‐Eseka geomorphic units: A 'natural laboratory' of a prototype active rifting cross‐cutting the Southern Cameroon (West African) passive margin

Nature of Floods in the Khari River Basin, Eastern India

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