Tell Tweini:

Bretschneider, Joachim; Jans, Greta; Vyve, Anne-Sophie Van; Hameeuw, Hendrik; Vansteenhuyse, Klaas

doi:10.2307/j.ctv1q26pt4.5

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Evidence of occupation during the IA I is scarce. During IA II and IA III, an urban occupation with public and private buildings developed across most of the tell (12 ha), (Bretschneider and Van Lerberghe, 2010). The mammal bones were recovered from domestic and religious buildings, streets, pits and wells (Albesso, 2018;Linseele et al, 2019).…”

Section: Coastal Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock management in the Northern Levant during the first millennium BCE

Chahoud

Vila

Albesso

2023

Quaternary International

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Section: Coastal Sitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Livestock management in the Northern Levant during the first millennium BCE

Chahoud

Vila

Albesso

2023

Quaternary International

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“…Excavations at the site indicate that the production of olive oil became a main economic activity of Tell Tweini and installations related to this activity could be found in every house during the Iron Age (see [ 82 ] 47, fig. 54).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sequence of increased climatic aridity includes the Tell Tweini settlement phases XB and beginning of IXA, i.e., the Early Bronze Age IVB and beginning of the Middle Bronze Age I, which is characterized by reduced occupation at the site. The subsequent Middle Bronze Age II settlement (phase IXB) has been described as the revival of urbanization [ 30 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other than no longer being part of the Ugarit Kingdom, Tell Tweini persisted throughout the 12 th and 11 th century BC likely with a changed organization of the community, as suggested by different habitation features [ 36 ]. Over the course of the 11 th century BC, Tell Tweini developed into a new regional center with the revived exchange (of goods and people) with Cyprus [ 37 ] After a second destruction by fire at the end of the 11 th century, the site was completely redeveloped by the start of the 9 th century BC. Increased occupation is noted for the beginning of Iron Age II directly on top of the Iron Age I city with several buildings of the Iron Age I being re-used.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Production of olive oil and wine were considered a main economic activity as suggested by findings of oil presses and refining installations in many houses [ 20 ]. While much has been learned about Tell Tweini through archaeological excavation and historical sources [ 38 ], isotopic measurements can provide additional insights into the conditions of agricultural production, animal management and dietary habits of the people which can enhance our current understanding of the cultural history of the Eastern Mediterranean.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Agropastoral and dietary practices of the northern Levant facing Late Holocene climate and environmental change: Isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Bronze to Iron Age Tell Tweini

Fuller,

Riehl,

Linseele

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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One of the largest isotopic datasets of the ancient Eastern Mediterranean region is evaluated, based on plants (n = 410), animals (n = 210) and humans (n = 16) from Tell Tweini (Syria). Diachronic analysis of plant and faunal specimens from four main periods of occupation: Early Bronze Age (2600–2000 BC), Middle Bronze Age (2000–1600 BC), Late Bronze Age (1600–1200 BC) and Iron Age (1200–333 BC) were investigated. Mean Δ13C results from seven plant species reveal emmer and free threshing wheat, olives, bitter vetch, rye grass and barley were adequately or well-watered during all periods of occupation. The grape Δ13C results suggest excellent growing conditions and particular care for its cultivation. The δ15N results indicate that especially the emmer and free threshing wheats received some manure inputs throughout the occupation sequence, while these were likely further increased during the Iron Age, encompassing also the olive groves and grape vineyards. Generally, domestic animals (cattle, sheep, goats) had C3 terrestrial diets and were kept together in similar environments. However, some animals consumed significant amounts of marine or C4 plants, possibly from disturbed habitats due to land use pressure or salt tolerant grasses and shrubs from wetland environments, which were recorded in the direct vicinity of the site. Middle Bronze Age humans consumed a C3 terrestrial diet with no measurable input from C4, freshwater or marine protein sources. Interestingly, the human diet was relatively low in animal protein and appears comparable to what is considered today a typical Mediterranean diet consisting of bread (wheat/barley), olives, grapes, pulses, dairy products and small amounts of meat. The combined isotopic analysis of plants, animals and humans from Tell Tweini represents unbroken links in the food chain which create unparalleled opportunities to enhance our current understanding of environmental conditions, climate change and lifeways in past populations from the Eastern Mediterranean.

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