Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)

Razgonova, Mayya P.; Zakharenko, Alexander M.; Golokhvast, Kirill S.; Thanasoula, Maria; Sarandi, Evangelia; Nikolouzakis, Konstantinos; Fragkiadaki, Persefoni; Tsoukalas, Dimitris; Spandidos, Demetrios A.; Tsatsakis, Aristidis

doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11274

Cited by 59 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 191 publications

(210 reference statements)

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“…Regular dividing cells and their progenitors, like lymphocytes, are strongly affected by telomerase activity and telomere shortening, affecting their potential for differentiation potential (Hodes et al, 2002). Recent publications showed that cellular ageing and immune proliferation have distinct effects on telomere length (Fali et al, 2019), with CD4 T cells stronger affected by ageing (Patrick et al, 2019) [reviewed in (Razgonova et al, 2020)]. We suggest that telomere length in leucocytes is likely determined by repeated immune activation, with overall 'healthy' lifestyles preserving telomere length.…”

Section: Common Featuresmentioning

confidence: 84%

Is Early Life Adversity a Trigger towards Inflammageing?

Merz¹,

Turner²

2021

Preprint

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There are many ‘faces’ of early life adversity (ELA), such as childhood trauma, institutionalization, abuse or exposure to environmental toxins. These have been implicated in the onset and severity of a wide range of chronic non-communicable diseases later in life. The later-life disease risk has a well-established immunological component. This raises the question as to whether accelerated immune-ageing mechanistically links early-life adversity to the lifelong health trajectory resulting in either ‘poor’ or ‘healthy’ ageing. Here we examine observational and mechanistic studies of ELA and inflammageing, highlighting common and distinct features in these two life stages. Many biological processes appear in common including reduction in telomere length, increased immuno-senescence, metabolic distortions and chronic (viral) infections. We propose that ELA shapes the developing immune, endocrine and nervous system in a non-reversible way, creating a distinct phenotype with accelerated immuno-senescence and systemic inflammation. We believe that ELA acts as an accelerator for inflammageing and age-related diseases. Furthermore, we now have the tools and cohorts to be able to dissect the interaction between early life adversity and later life phenotype. This should, in the near future, allow us to identify the ecological and mechanistic processes that are involved in ‘healthy’ or accelerated immune-ageing.

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Section: Common Featuresmentioning

confidence: 84%

Is Early Life Adversity a Trigger towards Inflammageing?

Merz¹,

Turner²

2021

Preprint

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“… 74 The activity of this enzyme represents a marker of cellular aging 75 and is implicated in aging-associated diseases. 76 However, compared to telomere length, telomerase function seems to correlate more faithfully with stress-related psychological mechanisms. 75 Stress leads to a decrease in its activity 77 while relaxation favors its functioning, 78 as our results appear to confirm.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid changes of miRNAs-20, -30, −410, −515, −134, and −183 and telomerase with psychological activity: A one year study on the relaxation response and epistemological considerations

Lin

Marinova

Brugnolo

et al. 2021

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Background and aim Mental stress represents a pivotal factor in cardiovascular diseases. The mechanism by which stress produces its deleterious effects is still under study, but one of the most explored pathways is inflammation-aging and cell senescence. In this scenario, circulating microRNAs appear to be regulatory elements of the telomerase activity and alternative splicing within the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer (NF-κB) network. Anti-stress techniques appeared to be able to slow down the inflammatory and aging processes. As we recently verified, the practice of the relaxation response (RR) counteracted psychological stress and determined favorable changes of the NF-κB, p53, and toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4) gene expression and in neurotransmitters, hormones, cytokines, and inflammatory circulating microRNAs. We aimed to verify a possible change in the serum levels of six other micro-RNAs of cardiovascular interest, involved in cell senescence and in the NF-κB network (miRNAs −20, −30, −410, −515, −134, and −183), and tested the activity of telomerase in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Experimental procedure We measured the aforementioned molecules in the serum of patients with ischemic heart disease (and healthy controls) immediately before and after a relaxation response session, three times (after the baseline), in one year of follow-up. Results According to our data, the miRNA-20 and -30 levels and PBMCs-telomerase activity increased during the RR while the −410 and −515 levels decreased. During the RR sessions, both miRNA-134 and -183 decreased. Conclusion The mediators considered in this exploratory work appeared to vary rapidly with the psychological activity (in particular when focused on relaxation techniques) showing that psychological activity should be part of the future research on epigenetics. Epistemological perspectives are also discussed.

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“…Telomerase, the regulating enzyme of telomeres’ length, is an enzymatic complex consisting of two subunits, the catalytic subunit, the human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), and a template, the telomerase RNA component (TERC). Notwithstanding that, the telomeres’ length is induced in each cell cycle in a lower rate, endorsing cellular senescence ( 14 ). In non-cancerous somatic cells, TA is undetectable or present at low levels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Metastatic and Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Micronuclei Frequency and Telomerase Activity in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

et al. 2021

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PurposeDue to the current practice on colorectal cancer (CRC) management, chemoresistance is most often recognized at the end of the treatment. Therefore, effective and easy-to-use prognostic biomarkers are needed.Experimental DesignWe evaluated the prognostic significance of two novel CRC biomarkers: a) micronuclei frequency (MNf) in 55 metastatic CRC (mCRC) and 21 locally advanced rectal cancer (laRC) patients using cytokinesis block micronucleus assay (CBMN assay) and b) telomerase activity (TA) in 23 mCRC and five laRC patients using TRAP-ELISA. Both biomarkers were evaluated in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) before, at the middle, and at the end of the therapy (approximately 0, 3, and 6 months) for mCRC patients before, at the end of the therapy, and after surgery for laRC patients.ResultsOverall, MNf demonstrated significant prognostic value since a decrease of MNf less than 29% between middle and initial MNf measurements can discriminate between progressive and stable/responsive disease with sensitivity of 36% and specificity of 87.0% while being able to identify responsive disease with sensitivity of 72.7% and specificity of 59.3%. On the other hand, TA presented a significant trend of increase (p = 0.07) in patients with progressive disease at the middle measurement.ConclusionsThe findings of this study suggest that the MN frequency may serve as a promising prognostic biomarker for the monitoring of the treatment response of patients with CRC, while TA should be evaluated in a larger group of patients to further validate its significance.

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Telomerase and telomeres in aging theory and chronographic aging theory (Review)

Cited by 59 publications

References 191 publications

Is Early Life Adversity a Trigger towards Inflammageing?

Is Early Life Adversity a Trigger towards Inflammageing?

Rapid changes of miRNAs-20, -30, −410, −515, −134, and −183 and telomerase with psychological activity: A one year study on the relaxation response and epistemological considerations

Novel Prognostic Biomarkers in Metastatic and Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer: Micronuclei Frequency and Telomerase Activity in Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes

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