TEM studies on the lattice organs of cirripede cypris larvae (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Cirripedia)

Høeg, Jens T.; Hosfeld, Barbara; Jensen, Peter Gram

doi:10.1007/s004350050069

Cited by 35 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Apart from eyes, most sensory structures in crustaceans are setae (sensilla), although sometimes highly modified ones. The lattice organs, peculiar to cypris larvae, are putative chemoreceptors that have in most species lost any similarity to a seta (Jensen et al 1994;Høeg et al 1998;Yan and Chan 2001;Høeg and Kolbasov 2002).…”

Section: Classification and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Little is known about its behaviour during this phase, but it is possible that it can use chemosensory lattice organs exposed on the head shield (carapace) in navigating towards suitable areas for settlement (Jensen et al 1994;Høeg et al 1998). When actively exploring the substratum, the cyprid walks on the antennules and the highly complex morphology of these appendages enables an impressive envelope of motions, including a 1808 turn around on the spot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Antennular sensory organs in cyprids of balanomorphan cirripedes: standardizing terminology usingMegabalanus rosa

et al. 2009

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Cirripedes are one of the major groups of fouling organism in the marine environment. The cyprid can, before a permanent attachment, actively explore and walk on the substratum using its antennules in a bipedal fashion without leaving the surface. Studying the structure of the cyprid antennule is therefore important for understanding the events that culminate in biofouling by barnacles. There are at present no complete, standardised accounts of the structure of the cyprid antennules in thoracican barnacles, and moreover, the existing accounts vary in their use of terminology. This article describes the cyprid antennule of the barnacle Megabalanus rosa. This barnacle species is common in E Asia, and the cyprids have previously been used in several biofouling studies. All externally visible setae on the antennules have been mapped; these comprise both chemosensors with a terminal pore, a putative aesthetasc-like seta and mechano-sensory setae. More setae were found on the attachment disc than in previous scanning electron microscope-based studies, but not all structures that can be seen with transmission electron microscopy were visible. The disc itself seems to have a variable surface area, which could assist in exploring rough surfaces. The various lengths of the antennular setae, coupled with the disposition of the segments, enable the cyprid to cover a wide swath of substratum during exploratory walking. A new terminology is proposed for cyprid antennular setae, which will form a basis for future comparative and functional studies of cirripede settlement.

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Section: Classification and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antennular sensory organs in cyprids of balanomorphan cirripedes: standardizing terminology usingMegabalanus rosa

et al. 2009

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“…trilobites; Clarkson, Levi-Setti & Horváth, 2006), but as revealed by electronic microscopy, their cuticle also bears minute organs that apparently complement these major sensory structures (e.g. Høeg & Kolbasov, 2002) and their ultrastructure has been described in a few taxa (Høeg, Hosfeld & Jensen, 1998;Høeg & Kolbasov, 2002). One of these is the sensory dorsal organ (SDO), which has been observed in many crustaceans, situated along the sagittal line of the cephalic shield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans

Lerosey‐Aubril¹,

Meyer

2012

Biological Reviews

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The cuticle of crustaceans bears numerous organs, of which the functions of many are unknown. One of these, the sensory dorsal organ (SDO), is present in a wide diversity of taxa. Here we critically review the variability, ultrastructure, distribution, and possible function of this enigmatic cuticular organ. Previous data are complemented by new observations on larvae and adults of various malacostracans. The SDO is composed of four sensors arranged as the corners of a square, the centre of which is occupied by a gland. Pores or pegs surrounding this central complex may also form part of the organ. The arrangement and the external aspect of the five main elements varies greatly, but this apparently has little impact on their ultrastructural organisation. The sensors and the gland are associated with a particularly thin cuticle. Each sensor contains four outer dendritic segments and the central gland is made of a single large cell. It is not yet known what this large cell secretes. The SDO is innervated from the tritocerebrum and therefore belongs to the third cephalic segment. A similar organ, here called the posterior SDO, has been repeatedly observed more posteriorly on the carapace. It resembles the SDO but has a greater number of sensors (usually six, but up to ten) apparently associated with only two outer dendritic segments. The SDO and the posterior SDO are known in the Eumalacostraca, the Hoplocarida, and the Phyllocarida. Some branchiopods also possess a 'dorsal organ' resembling both the SDO and the ion-transporting organ more typical of this group. This may indicate a common origin for these two functionally distinct groups of organs. New observations on the posterior SDO support the hypothesis that the SDO and the posterior SDO are homologous to the lattice organ complexes of the costracans. However, the relationship between the SDO and the dorsal cephalic hump of calanoid copepods remains unclear. No correlation can be demonstrated between the presence of a SDO and a particular ecological or biological trait. In fossils, the most convincing examples of SDO-like organs are found in some Late Cambrian arthropods from the Alum Shale of southern Sweden. They suggest that related organs might have been present in non-crustacean Cambrian arthropods. The distribution of the SDO and posterior SDO in extant and fossil crustaceans strongly suggests that these organs originated early in the history of the group, and are crucial to the functioning of these organisms. However, except for knowing that the sensors are chemoreceptors and that in a given organ a functional relationship probably exists between them and the gland, little is known about this function. The description of a SDO in freshwater carideans, which can be easily reared in a laboratory, opens the way for behavioural and physiological experiments to be undertaken that could prove crucial for the determination of this function.

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“…Cyprids have a small but well-organized nervous system composed of some 2000 neurons (Harrison & Sandeman 1999) and bear several sensory structures on, for example their antennulae (Clare & Nott 1994;Hoeg et al 1998; Figure 1A). The nature of the receptors with which external cues and pheromones interact is to date not known.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Settlement of the barnacleBalanus improvisus: The roles of dopamine and serotonin

Zega

Pennati

Dahlström

et al. 2007

Italian Journal of Zoology

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The regulation of the settlement process in barnacles has attracted research interest due to their role as fouling organisms. The involvement of neurotransmitters in the regulation of settlement of marine invertebrate larvae has been described in several species. In this work, we reported the effects of the neurotransmitters dopamine and serotonin on the settlement of cyprids of the barnacle Balanus improvisus and described differences among cyprids of different ages. Also, we tested the effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic agonists and antagonists on settlement of cyprid larvae. We found that dopamine significantly stimulated settlement of 2-and 4-day-old cyprids, while serotonin exerted an inhibitory effect, regardless of cyprid age. The agonists and antagonists to the two neurotransmitters were not able to stimulate settlement but in general had either an inhibitory or no effect. We compared our results to those previously reported of the roles of dopamine and serotonin in the settlement of Balanus amphitrite. There appeared to be striking differences in the effects of these neurotransmitters between the two species because it has been reported that serotonin induces settlement in B. amphitrite and that dopamine inhibits it. This suggested that dopamine and serotonin play pivotal roles in settlement of barnacle but may act in different ways in the two species.

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TEM studies on the lattice organs of cirripede cypris larvae (Crustacea, Thecostraca, Cirripedia)

Cited by 35 publications

References 27 publications

Antennular sensory organs in cyprids of balanomorphan cirripedes: standardizing terminology usingMegabalanus rosa

Antennular sensory organs in cyprids of balanomorphan cirripedes: standardizing terminology usingMegabalanus rosa

The sensory dorsal organs of crustaceans

Settlement of the barnacleBalanus improvisus: The roles of dopamine and serotonin

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