Temperature Acclimation in Birds and Mammals

Chaffee, R. R. J.; Roberts, Joseph

doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.33.030171.001103

Cited by 269 publications

(83 citation statements)

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“…Such ability to survive in the cold depends on a combination of behavioral, thermal insulation and production of metabolic heat (Chaffee and Roberts, 1971). Although shivering thermogenesis was long thought to be the main thermogenic mechanism in birds, it remains that the survival of some avian species also depends on their ability to develop non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) when chronically exposed to cold (Hissa, 1988;Duchamp et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered ATP efficiency

Teulier

Rouanet

Letexier

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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) were obtained from a commercial stockbreeder (Eclosion Grimaud-lacorbière, Roussay, France). Birds were fed ad libitum with commercial mash (Moulin Guenard, 645000MI, Vonnas, France) and had free access to water. From the age of 10 days, ducklings were caged for Accepted 7 April 2010 SUMMARY Despite their lack of brown adipose tissue, some bird species develop regulatory non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) of skeletal muscle origin in response to cold acclimation. Mechanisms involved in avian NST are still unclear but may involve reduced energetic coupling in skeletal muscle mitochondria through the expression of an avian homologue of mammalian uncoupling proteins. The aim of this work was to investigate whether the expression of avian uncoupling protein (avUCP) would correlate with the capacity for cold-induced muscle NST. Various levels of cold acclimation were obtained by rearing 1-week-old ducklings (Cairina moschata) for 4 weeks at three different ambient temperatures (25°C, 11°C or 4°C). Muscle NST was measured by simultaneous recordings of metabolic rate and electromyographic activity (gastrocnemius muscle) at ambient temperatures (T a ) ranging from 27°C to -5°C. The expression of avUCP gene and mitochondrial bioenergetics were also determined in gastrocnemius muscle. Results showed that muscle NST capacity depends on the T a at which ducklings were acclimated, i.e. the lower the rearing temperature, the higher the capacity for NST. This increased metabolic heat production occurred in parallel with an upregulation of avUCP, which was not associated with a change in mitochondrial membrane conductance. The intensity of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation also increased in proportion with the harshness of cold, while the efficiency of ATP generation was equally effective in all three acclimation temperatures. In the absence of mitochondrial uncoupling, these data indicate a clear link between avUCP expression and the capacity of ducklings to adjust their muscular aerobic activity to cold exposure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered ATP efficiency

Teulier

Rouanet

Letexier

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…This ability to regulate internal temperature has enabled mammals and birds to colonize vast areas of the world. To maintain body temperature when external temperatures fall below thermoneutrality (1,2), endotherms rely on facultative thermogenic mechanisms. Among these thermogenic mechanisms, shivering is a first line of defense.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Among these thermogenic mechanisms, shivering is a first line of defense. However, prolonged shivering can be detrimental to muscle health; therefore, the organism recruits nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) 2 to replace and/or supplement shivering thermogenesis. The activation of NST from brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a well studied and well established phenomenon in mammals, in particular rodents (3,4).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncoupling Protein 1 and Sarcolipin Are Required to Maintain Optimal Thermogenesis, and Loss of Both Systems Compromises Survival of Mice under Cold Stress

Rowland

Bal

Kozak

et al. 2015

Journal of Biological Chemistry

103

114

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Background:The mechanisms underlying UCP1-independent thermogenesis are not well understood. Results: Loss of both SLN and UCP1 results in compromised thermogenic ability and severe sensitivity to acute cold. Conclusion: Sarcolipin-mediated thermogenesis is required for optimal thermogenesis and is up-regulated in the absence of UCP1. Significance: Sarcolipin is a crucial contributor to thermogenesis and energy expenditure.

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“…In addition, ACE increased the NEFA concentration of CESO. The β-hydroxybutyrate and NEFA levels in CESO suggest a combined effect of SO intake and cold exposure on lipid oxidation and mobilization [2,3,19,24]. However, we cannot determine whether the rats in the cold environment increased their intakes of SO to obtain the benefits induced by a high-lipid diet feeding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Preference for Safflower Oil in Rats Exposed to a Cold Environment under Free-Feeding Conditions

Saitoh

Ishii

Takewaki

et al. 2005

The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science

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ABSTRACT. There are several benefits to a high-fat diet for animals exposed to cold, including improved tolerance to severe cold conditions and increased survival rates in cold environments. It is therefore of interest to examine whether animals exposed to cold will selectively consume lipids. We examined the intake of safflower oil (SO) by rats exposed to cold (4 ± 2°C) under a feeding condition in which the rats were given free access to SO. Rats exposed to cold consumed more SO than those housed at 25 ± 2°C. This finding suggests that rats prefer SO in a cold environment. There was no significant difference in the ratio of calories of SO ingested to that of matter (standard laboratory chow plus SO) ingested between rats exposed to cold and those at 25 ± 2°C. The high SO intake also affected cold tolerance and metabolite kinetics in the rats. Factors that affected the SO intake of rats exposed to cold are also discussed. KEY WORDS: cold exposure, cold tolerance, interscapular adipose tissue, rats, safflower oil.J. Vet. Med. Sci. 67 (7): [653][654][655][656][657][658] 2005 There are several benefits to a high-fat diet for animals exposed to cold, including improved tolerance to severe cold conditions and increased survival rates in cold environments [5,15,18]. Previous studies have examined diets that included a higher portion of lipid than standard diets. Thus, animals were forced to eat a high-fat diet to satisfy their energy needs and to obtain essential nutrients. However, whether animals prefer lipids in a cold environment has not been studied. It is therefore of interest to examine whether animals exposed to cold will selectively consume lipids. Safflower oil (SO) has often been used as a lipid in experiments related to diet [8, 20-22, 26, 27]. Thus, in the present study we examined the SO intake of rats exposed to cold (4 ± 2°C) under a free-feeding condition in which both SO and a standard laboratory chow were available ad libitum. We also measured rectal temperature upon acute cold exposure (ACE: -20°C in a cold room, 60 min) to evaluate the effect of ingestion of SO on cold tolerance of rats compared with rats not given SO [15]. Changes in the blood levels of glucose, nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA), and β-hydroxybutyrate caused by ACE were also measured to evaluate changes in the use of these substances by cold exposure [15]. The interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) was weighed to assess its generation of heat [10,15]. MATERIALS AND METHODSMale Slc: Wistar rats 9 week of age (Japan SLC, Shizuoka, Japan) were divided into 4 groups with 2 rats per cage (Fig. 1). Two groups were housed at room temperature (25 ± 2°C) for 4 week and then exposed to cold (4 ± 2°C, using a cold room) for the following 3 week period. The 1st group served as controls exposed to the cold environment (CECNT), and the 2nd group had access to SO (CESO). The other 2 groups were fed at room temperature for 7 week.One group served as controls housed at room temperature (RTCNT), and the other group had access to SO (RTSO). A...

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Temperature Acclimation in Birds and Mammals

Cited by 269 publications

References 1 publication

Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered ATP efficiency

Cold-acclimation-induced non-shivering thermogenesis in birds is associated with upregulation of avian UCP but not with innate uncoupling or altered ATP efficiency

Uncoupling Protein 1 and Sarcolipin Are Required to Maintain Optimal Thermogenesis, and Loss of Both Systems Compromises Survival of Mice under Cold Stress

Preference for Safflower Oil in Rats Exposed to a Cold Environment under Free-Feeding Conditions

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