Temperature adaptation of soil bacterial communities along an Antarctic climate gradient: predicting responses to climate warming

Rinnan, Riikka; Rousk, Johannes; Yergeau, Étienne; Kowalchuk, George A.; Bååth, Erland

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01959.x

Cited by 132 publications

(209 citation statements)

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“…This results in an increasing variability of microbial community characteristics and the rate of total organic matter accumulations. Our data thus confirm the hypothesis of Rinnan et al (2009) that there are geographical trends in microbial community sensitivity in latitudinal sequences in Antarctica. They also agree well with previously published data on the metabolic activity of the Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic (Gilichinsky et al, 2010).…”

Section: Microbiological Characteristics Of Soilssupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Soil respiration has been predicted by organic phosphorous and total nitrogen content in Sub-Antarctic soils for habitat comparison (Lubbe and Smith, 2012). Latitudinal research of different Antarctic soils shows that the temperature sensitivity of microorganisms increases with mean annual soil temperature, suggesting that bacterial communities from colder regions were less temperature sensitive than those from the warmer regions (Rinnan et al, 2009). We can thus summarize that there are essential changes in soil microbial activity between real Antarctic soil at high latitudes and maritime Sub-Antarctic soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations

Abakumov

Mukhametova

2014

Solid Earth

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Abstract. Antarctica is a unique place for soil, biological, and ecological investigations. Soils of Antarctica have been studied intensively during the last century, when different national Antarctic expeditions visited the sixth continent with the aim of investigating nature and the environment. Antarctic investigations are comprised of field surveys mainly in the terrestrial landscapes, where the polar stations of different countries are situated. That is why the main and most detailed soil surveys were conducted in the McMurdo Valleys, Transantarctic Mountains, South Shetland Islands, Larsemann Hills and the Schirmacher Oasis. Our investigations were conducted during the 53rd and 55th Russian Antarctic expeditions in the base of soil pits, and samples were collected in Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic regions. Sub-Antarctic or maritime landscapes are considered to be very different from Antarctic landscapes due to differing climatic and geogenic conditions. Soils of diverse zonal landscapes were studied with the aim of assessing the microbial biomass level, basal respiration rates and metabolic activity of microbial communities. This investigation shows that Antarctic soils are quite diverse in profile organization and carbon content. In general, Sub-Antarctic soils are characterized by more developed humus (sod) organo-mineral horizons as well as by an upper organic layer. The most developed organic layers were revealed in peat soils of King George Island, where its thickness reach, in some cases, was 80 cm. These soils as well as soils formed under guano are characterized by the highest amount of total organic carbon (TOC), between 7.22 and 33.70%. Coastal and continental Antarctic soils exhibit less developed Leptosols, Gleysols, Regolith and rare Ornhitosol, with TOC levels between 0.37 and 4.67%. The metabolic ratios and basal respiration were higher in Sub-Antarctic soils than in Antarctic ones, which can be interpreted as a result of higher amounts of fresh organic remnants in organic and organo-mineral horizons. The soils of King George Island also have higher portions of microbial biomass (max 1.54 mg g−1) compared to coastal (max 0.26 mg g−1) and continental (max 0.22 mg g−1) Antarctic soils. Sub-Antarctic soils differ from Antarctic ones mainly by having increased organic layer thickness and total organic carbon content, higher microbial biomass carbon content, basal respiration, and metabolic activity levels.

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Section: Microbiological Characteristics Of Soilssupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations

Abakumov

Mukhametova

2014

Solid Earth

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“…Temper− ature differences between hummock tops and bases reached 8-10°C in OTCs and 4-6°C in CCSs treatments. Although the ITEX warming open top chambers were used very commonly in various Arctic, Antarctic and alpine terrestrial ecosystems (Marion et al 1997;Hollister and Webber 2000;Kudo and Suzuki 2002;Wada et al 2002;Bokhorst et al 2008;Walker et al 2008;Rinnan et al 2009a;Rinnan et al 2009b;Simmons et al 2009), the OTC warming experiments are more rare in vari− ous shallow wetland habitat types (Nordstroem et al 2001;Rennermalm et al 2005;Sullivan and Welker 2005;Sullivan et al 2008). In NW Greenland wetlands (Sullivan et al 2008), the microtopography of the sites is a mosaic of hummocks, which extend above the water table, and hollows, which lie beneath 5-15 cm of wa− ter during the short growing season.…”

Section: Microclimatic Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of warming on Nostoc colonies (Cyanobacteria) in a wet hummock meadow, Spitsbergen

Elster¹,

Kvíderová²,

Hájek³

et al. 2012

Polish Polar Research

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Abstract:In order to simulate the warming effects on Arctic wetlands, three passive open−top chambers (OTCs) and three control cage−like structures (CCSs) equipped with soil temperature and soil volumetric water content (VWC) probes for continuous micro− climatic measurements were installed in a wet hummock meadow, Petuniabukta, Bille− fjorden, central Spitsbergen, in 2009. The warming effects on primary productivity were investigated during summer seasons 2009 and 2010 in cyanobacterial colonies of Nostoc commune s.l., which plays an important role in the local carbon and nitrogen cycles. The microclimatic data indicated that the effect of OTCs was dependent on microtopography. During winter, two short−term snow−thaw episodes occurred, so that liquid water was available for the Nostoc communities. Because of the warming, the OTC hummock bases remained unfrozen three weeks longer in comparison to the CCSs and, in spring, the OTC hummock tops and bases exceeded 0°C several days earlier than CCS ones. Mean summer temperature differences were 1.6°C in OTC and CCS hummock tops, and 0.3°C in the OTC and CCS hummock bases. The hummock tops were drier than their bases; however the VWC difference between the OTCs and CCSs was small. Due to the only minor differ− ences in the microclimate of OTC and CCS hummock bases, where the Nostoc colonies were located, no differences in ecophysiological characteristics of Nostoc colonies ex− pressed as photochemistry parameters and nitrogenase activities were detected after two years exposition. Long−term monitoring of Nostoc ecophysiology in a manipulated envi− ronment is necessary for understanding their development under climate warming.

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“…The response curves of a community can then be regarded as the trait distribution (community tolerance) of that community. In soil this approach has been commonly applied to study community tolerance to heavy metals (1-3), other toxicants (4,5), temperature (6)(7)(8), and salinity (9,10), but this method has been applied less often in aquatic habitats (11)(12)(13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

pH Tolerance in Freshwater Bacterioplankton: Trait Variation of the Community as Measured by Leucine Incorporation

Bååth

Kritzberg

2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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b pH is an important factor determining bacterial community composition in soil and water. We have directly determined the community tolerance (trait variation) to pH in communities from 22 lakes and streams ranging in pH from 4 to 9 using a growth-based method not relying on distinguishing between individual populations. The pH in the water samples was altered to up to 16 pH values, covering in situ pH ؎ 2.5 U, and the tolerance was assessed by measuring bacterial growth (Leu incorporation) instantaneously after pH adjustment. The resulting unimodal response curves, reflecting community tolerance to pH, were well modeled with a double logistic equation (mean R 2 ‫؍‬ 0.97). The optimal pH for growth (pH opt ) among the bacterial communities was closely correlated with in situ pH, with a slope (0.89 ؎ 0.099) close to unity. The pH interval, in which growth was >90% of that at pH opt , was 1.1 to 3 pH units wide (mean 2.0 pH units). Tolerance response curves of communities originating from circum-neutral pH were symmetrical, whereas in high-pH (8.9) and especially in low-pH (<5.5) waters, asymmetric tolerance curves were found. In low-pH waters, decreasing pH was more detrimental for bacterial growth than increasing pH, with a tendency for the opposite for high-pH waters. A pH tolerance index, using the ratio of growth at only two pH values (pH 4 and 8), was closely related to pH opt (R 2 ‫؍‬ 0.83), allowing for easy determination of pH tolerance during rapid changes in pH. By measuring growth of a bacterium in a range of environmental conditions, such as temperature, pH, and salinity, the fundamental niche of the bacterium can be determined. The response to these varied conditions can also be seen as a descriptor of the tolerance of that strain to different environmental factors. In a similar way, the tolerance of a bacterial community in a habitat can be estimated by measuring the intrinsic growth of the community at a range of different environmental conditions. The response curves of a community can then be regarded as the trait distribution (community tolerance) of that community. In soil this approach has been commonly applied to study community tolerance to heavy metals (1-3), other toxicants (4, 5), temperature (6-8), and salinity (9, 10), but this method has been applied less often in aquatic habitats (11)(12)(13).pH has been shown to be a decisive environmental factor determining the bacterial community composition in both soil (14-16) and water (17-22), often being the most important one compared to factors such as temperature and moisture in soil (15) and temperature, water retention time, organic matter, and nutrient concentrations in freshwater systems (17,(19)(20)(21)(22). pH is also an environmental factor that can vary greatly in aquatic systems. Lake and stream waters can have pH values below 4 and above 9 even within small geographical areas (such as the area in southern Sweden in the present study). In highly productive lakes, surface pH can be as much as 2 U higher than in bottom waters, a var...

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Temperature adaptation of soil bacterial communities along an Antarctic climate gradient: predicting responses to climate warming

Cited by 132 publications

References 55 publications

Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations

Microbial biomass and basal respiration of selected Sub-Antarctic and Antarctic soils in the areas of some Russian polar stations

Impact of warming on Nostoc colonies (Cyanobacteria) in a wet hummock meadow, Spitsbergen

pH Tolerance in Freshwater Bacterioplankton: Trait Variation of the Community as Measured by Leucine Incorporation

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