Temperature control during Spark Plasma Sintering and application to up-scaling and complex shaping

Field‐Assisted Sintering Technology/Spark Plasma Sintering: Mechanisms, Materials, and Technology Developments

“…Large differences are commonly found between thermocouple and pyrometer measurements or between the temperature measured inside the tool and on the outer surface of the pressing die. By using the phase transformation from duplex a þ g-to lamellar a-structure in Ti 48 Al 48 Cr 2 Nb 2 to track the true temperature in the sample, Voisin et al [249] showed that the radial pyrometer underestimated the temperature by [250] This is due to the face that temperature was measured at different positions. Furthermore, Munir et al [251] found temperature differences of over 150°C when heating up an alumina sample at 200°C min -1 up to 1350°C and reading the temperature with a thermocouple inside the material and an optical pyrometer on the outer diameter of the die.…”

The Microstructure Evolution, Mechanical Properties and Densification Mechanism of TiAl-Based Alloys Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering

“…During SPS, sintering can be divided into different stages to analyze the densification [24,25]. As shown in Figure 6, there were two clear sintering stages in our study, namely curve A-B and curve B-C-D for the displacement data.…”

“…In addition, based on the experimental data, the relationships between temperature, punch displacement, and sintering time were recorded, and a typical result of the sample sintered at 1150 °C is shown in Figure 6. During SPS, sintering can be divided into different stages to analyze the densification [24,25]. As shown in Figure 6, there were two clear sintering stages in our study, namely curve A-B and curve B-C-D for the displacement data.…”

Cutting tools: finite element modeling of spark plasma sintering to improve their quality

“…This is due to the significant advantages of this technology when introducing it into the industrial production. The consolidation of samples of complex shape from powder materials by the SPS method is currently being studied in a number of works by research groups from different parts of the world [4]. The main difficulty of sintering samples of complex shape is to design special molds and technological processes of consolidation to obtain the desired homogeneity of the microstructure and, consequently, physical and mechanical properties of the sintered sample.…”

“…The main difficulty of sintering samples of complex shape is to design special molds and technological processes of consolidation to obtain the desired homogeneity of the microstructure and, consequently, physical and mechanical properties of the sintered sample. Such tasks should be efficiently solved using the numerical simulation of sintering processes by the finite element method, as shown in a large number of publications by various authors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”