Temperature effects in high fluence ion modification of HOPG

Relief evolution of HOPG under high-fluence 30keV argon ion irradiation

“…Investigation of the ion-induced structural-morphological states of HOPG upon high fluence irradiation with 30-keV Ar + ions at temperatures ranging from room temperature to 400°C revealed the presence of at least four surface modifications varying in both relief and surface-layer crystal structure [29]. Three of them obtained at the temperatures 90, 250, and 400°C and characterized with different reliefs were selected for this work to investigate UPV-1T sputtering.…”

“…Three of them obtained at the temperatures 90, 250, and 400°C and characterized with different reliefs were selected for this work to investigate UPV-1T sputtering. Some description of the ion-induced UPV-1T-surface changes at a fluence of $10 18 ion/cm 2 has been presented in [18,29]. The initial mirror surface of the UPV-1T remains relatively smooth only upon ion irradiation at temperatures lower than that of the ion-induced texture transitions T t % 150°C (Fig.…”

Effects of the deep ion-induced modification of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite

“…Irradiation was performed on the mass monochro mator setup at the Skobel'tsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics using Ar + ions with energies ranging from 10 to 30 keV and fluences ϕt ~ 10 18 -10 19 ion/cm 2 , follow ing the procedure outlined in [12,13]. HOPG (UPV 1T) samples in the form of plates with the (001) base plane were used in our experiments.…”

“…For example, studies of an altered surface layer of HOPG (UPV 1T grade) conducted by backscattering spectrometry [12,13] showed that irra diation with argon ions with energies on the order of tens of kiloelectronvolts can (at certain temperatures of the target) result in significant structural and mor phological changes at depths an order of magnitude greater than the projected range of ions within the target. The threshold character (with respect to energy) of these effects in the deep modification of the surface of HOPG at high ion irradiation fluences suggests the presence of threshold radiation damage levels [13][14][15].…”

“…Measuring and analyzing the temperature depen dences of ion-electron emission is an efficient tech nique for in situ monitoring of ion induced structural and morphological changes in the surface layers of carbon materials [4,12,[14][15][16][17]. For example, the authors of [17] irradiated HOPG with argon ions and used the above method to determine the characteristic temperature T t of the ion induced texture transition.…”