Temperature Extremes in Cotton Production and Mitigation Strategies

Zafar, Syed Adeel; Noor, Mehmood Ali; Waqas, Muhammad; Wang, Xiukang; Shaheen, Tayyaba; Raza, Mubashar; Ur-Rahman, Mehboob

doi:10.5772/intechopen.74648

Cited by 49 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Cotton production is facing several biotic and abiotic challenges including CLCV (Cotton leaf curl virus), wilting disease, sucking and chewing insect pests, drought and elevated temperature. In recent years, high temperature has been reported as a serious threat to crop productivity (Zafar et al 2018). So, when cotton is exposed to high temperature for longer duration lead to wilting of leaf (Ahuja et al 2010;Zahid et al 2016), shedding of fruiting bodies, i.e., squares, buds, flowers and bolls (Cao et al 2008;Iqbal et al 2017), and decreased rate of photosynthesis is reported by Marchand et al (2005).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

et al. 2019

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Background: Climate change and particularly global warming has emerged as an alarming threat to the crop productivity of field crops and exerted drastic effects on the cropping patterns. Production of cotton has been dropped down to one million bales from 1.4 million bales since 2015 in Pakistan due to the increase in temperature at critical growth stages, i.e., flowering and boll formation. Keeping in view the importance of cotton in the country, this study was conducted to investigate the genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in six populations (P 1 , P 2 , F 1 , F 2 , BC 1 and BC 2) developed from cross-1 and cross-2, i.e., VH-282 × FH-142 and DNH-40 × VH-259. Results: The results revealed that cross-1 performed better in heat stress as compared with cross-2 for majority of the traits recorded. Boll weight and ginning outturn (GOT) were highly effected under heat stress and had negative correlation with Relative cell injury (RCI). Boll weight, fiber length, fiber strength and fiber fineness were under the control of non-additive gene action, whereas RCI was controlled by additive gene effects. Lower values of genetic advance coupled with higher values of broad sense heritability for these traits except RCI confirmed the role of non-additive genetic effects. Duplicate types of epistasis were recorded for fiber strength in cross-1 in normal condition. However, complementary type of non-allelic interaction was recorded for fiber strength under normal condition, fiber fineness and RCI under heat stressed condition in cross-1. Likewise, boll weight, GOT and fiber length in populations derived from cross-2 in normal condition were also under the influence of complementary type of non-allelic interaction. Significant differences among values of mid parent and better parent heterosis for boll weight in both normal and heat stress condition provided the opportunity to cotton breeders for utilization of this germplasm for improvement of this trait through exploitation of heterosis breeding. Conclusion: Cross-1 performed better in heat stress and could be utilized for development of heat tolerant cultivar. RCI was under the influence of additive gene action, so one can rely on this trait for screening of large number of accessions of cotton for heat stress. While other traits were predominantly controlled by non-additive gene action and selection based on these should be delayed in later generations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

et al. 2019

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“…The increase of Temperature and irregular and heavy rainfall have already affected crop production in many parts of Bangladesh [19]. An increase of 4°C in temperature would have a severe impact on food production in Bangladesh as resulting in a 28 per cent reduction for rice and a 68 percent reduction for wheat [20].…”

Section: Climate Changementioning

confidence: 99%

The Factors of Declining Agricultural Growth in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Food Security

Rezvi¹

2018

SAJSSE

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Agriculture is an important sector of Bangladesh economy because it has a positive role in food security, employment and livelihoods. Around 84 percent of rural people rely on agriculture sector directly or indirectly for their livelihood. However, in last 17 years, the shares of agriculture in GDP are steadily declining. However, Bangladesh is the most vulnerable country in the world due to climate change. Based on secondary data, the study intends to describe the impacts of climatic causes on declining agricultural growth in the country. The paper also discusses impact of population growth, urbanization, loss of arable land etc on agriculture production of Bangladesh. The trend of declining agricultural growth has negative effect on food security. As a consequence of declining agricultural growth, food security has emerged a big challenge for Bangladesh. The paper analyses the impacts of declining agriculture growth on food security as well as other causes.

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“…Abiotic stresses such as drought, salinity and suboptimal temperature are serious threats for agriculture and global food security [1,2]. These stresses negatively affect plant growth and development and ultimately result in poor crop production [3][4][5]. Rice is a major grain crop and feeds about half of the world population [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rice OsHSFA3 Gene Improves Drought Tolerance by Modulating Polyamine Biosynthesis Depending on Abscisic Acid and ROS Levels

Zhu

Zhang

Gao

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Drought is a serious problem, which causes heavy yield losses for rice. Heat-shock factors (HSFs) had been implicated in tolerance to drought and high temperature. However, there has not been much functional characterization and mechanism clarification in rice. Previously, we found an HSF gene, OsHSFA3, was highly related with drought tolerance after screening from 10,000 different samples. Herein, we cloned the OsHSFA3 from rice and overexpressed it in Arabidopsis thaliana to study its regulatory mechanism of drought tolerance. Phenotypic and physiological assays of the transgenic Arabidopsis lines showed that overexpression of OsHSFA3 confers drought tolerance by reducing water loss and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, whereas it increases abscisic acid (ABA) levels. However, enzymatic antioxidants such as activity levels of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were not significantly different between wild type and transgenic lines. Instead, we observed a significant increase in polyamine content, which was correlated with increased AtADC1, AtADC2, SPDS1 and SPMS expression levels. In silico and in vivo analyses confirmed that OsHSFA3 is a nuclear-localized gene. In addition, OsHSFA3 can bind to the promoter of AtADC1 and OsADC via a yeast one-hybrid assay. Overall, this study reveals that OsHSFA3 improves drought tolerance in Arabidopsis not only by increasing ABA levels, but also by modulating polyamine levels to maintain ROS homeostasis, therefore it could be a strong candidate to develop drought-tolerant rice cultivars.Since plants cannot move from one place to other to avoid the harmful effects of stresses, they adopt various mechanisms for stress tolerance. The antioxidant defense system is one of the major tolerance mechanisms for ROS scavenging under abiotic stresses [14]. Enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) are key ROS-scavenging enzymes [15,16]. Similarly, polyamines are vital plant metabolites that serve as important ROS scavengers and also induce stomatal closure under drought stress [17,18]. The enzyme arginine decarboxylase (ADC) catalyzes arginine to agmatine, which is the precursor of putrescine and higher polyamines (PAs), such as spermidine and spermine. Several genes have been reported to control the production of polyamines in plants [18,19]. In Arabidopsis thaliana, ADC only has two paralogues, AtADC1 and AtADC2 [20]. In rice, several genes regulate the biosynthesis of polyamines in a collective way and contribute to drought tolerance [21,22]. Thus, exploiting such tolerance mechanisms provide an amazing option to cope with drought stress in rice.Transcription factors (TFs) are well-known for their role in abiotic stress tolerance in plants [8,23]. Among the different TF families, heat shock factors (HSFs), WRKY-motif containing proteins (WRKY), myeloblastosis (MYB) and APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF) families are the most promising for their role in drought and other abiotic stress tolerance [18,[24][25]...

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Temperature Extremes in Cotton Production and Mitigation Strategies

Cited by 49 publications

References 121 publications

Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Genetic effects conferring heat tolerance in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The Factors of Declining Agricultural Growth in Bangladesh and Its Impact on Food Security

Rice OsHSFA3 Gene Improves Drought Tolerance by Modulating Polyamine Biosynthesis Depending on Abscisic Acid and ROS Levels

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