Temperature measurement: comparison of non‐invasive methods used in adult critical care

Farnell, Sarah; Maxwell, Lorraine; Tan, Seok Shin; Rhodes, Andrew; Philips, Barbara J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2004.00916.x

Cited by 71 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(36 reference statements)

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“…The highest body temperature is measured at rectum and it is approximately 0.2°C higher than blood temperature measured from the pulmonary artery. Currently, among the methods used in practice, the rectal temperature measurement is the one that gives the closest temperature value to the central temperature (9)(10)(11) . In the present study, it was determined that the results of body temperature measurement by NCIT were similar with the rectal temperature measurement results in 0-2 yearold group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparison of temporal temperature measurement method by non-contact infrared thermometer with other body temperature measurement methods

Hakan¹,

Okumuş²,

Aydın³

et al. 2017

BUCH

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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of non-contact infrared thermometer (NCIT) by comparing with other thermometers and/or body temperature measurement methods. Methods: The patients were divided into 3 groups: 0-1 year-old babies, >16 year-old female patients, and 1-16 year-old children. The body temperature of all patients was measured by NCIT at the temporal region, and the digital thermometer through the axillary region. Moreover, body temperature of the children was measured with tympanic thermometer and of adults with digital thermometer through oral route. Results: When compared to other temperature measurement methods, in all patients, the temporal temperature was not statistically different to that of rectal temperature (p>0.05); but it was 0.6°C higher than axillary (p<0.001), 0.3°C higher than oral (p<0.001), and 0.1°C higher than tympanic temperatures (p<0.001). If the rectal temperature of ≥38°C has been taken as a reference value for fever; the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values for average temporal temperature were 48.5, 99.5, 88.9, and 96.3%, respectively. Based on visual inspection of the Bland-Altman plots, NCIT underestimated the higher body temperatures which resulted in a low sensitivity. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that NCITs can be used as a rapid, hygienic and noninvasive method for excluding fever in children. However, this method has low sensitivity for detecting fever compared to that of rectal measurement and other noninvasive techniques. Although temporal temperature seems to be close to rectal temperature, this method is not ideal for detecting febrile patients yet.Keywords: Fever, body temperature measurement, non-contact infrared thermometer, children ÖZ Amaç: Temassız kızıl ötesi termometrenin (TKÖT) diğer termometreler ve/veya vücut sıcaklığı ölçüm yöntemleri ile karşılaştırılması suretiyle etkinliğinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlandı. Yöntem: Hastalar 0-1 yaş arasındaki bebekler, >16 yaş kadınlar ve 1-16 yaş arasındaki çocuklar olmak üzere 3 gruba ayrıldı. Tüm hastaların vücut sıcaklığı, TKÖT aracılığıyla sağ ve sol temporal bölgelerden ve dijital termometre ile aksiller bölgeden ölçülmüştür. Ayrıca vücut sıcaklıkları tüm çocuklarda timpanik termometreyle ve yetişkinlerde ise oral yoldan dijital termometre ile ölçülmüştür. Bulgular: Diğer sıcaklık ölçüm yöntemlerine kıyasla, tüm hastalarda temporal sıcaklık rektal sıcaklıktan farklı değildi (p>0,05); aksiller sıcaklıktan 0,6°C daha yüksek (p<0,001), oral sıcaklıktan 0.3°C daha yüksek (p<0,001) ve timpanik sıcaklıktan ise 0,1°C daha yüksekti (p<0,001). Eğer ateş için ≥38°C rektal sıcaklık bir referans değer olarak alınırsa, ortalama temporal sıcaklık için duyarlılık, özgüllük, pozitif ve negatif prediktif değerler sırasıyla %48,5, %99,5, %88,9 ve %96,3 idi. Bland-Altman alanlarının görsel incelemesine göre, TKÖT yüksek vücut sıcaklığında sıcaklığı olduğundan daha düşük tahmin etmekte ve bu nedenle düşük duyarlılık göstermektedir. Sonuç: Bulgularımız TKÖT'lerin çocuklarda ateşi dışlam...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparison of temporal temperature measurement method by non-contact infrared thermometer with other body temperature measurement methods

Hakan¹,

Okumuş²,

Aydın³

et al. 2017

BUCH

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“…Screening for elevated body temperatures and the follow-up of treatment success were performed with an electronic tympanic thermometer. In critically ill patients, this method showed limited accuracy but was significantly correlated with temperatures derived from the gold standard (pulmonary artery catheter) [17]. Tympanic temperature measurement is noninvasive, easy, quick and broadly used in routine patient care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standardized Antipyretic Treatment in Stroke: A Pilot Study

Kallmünzer¹,

Krause²,

Pauli³

et al. 2011

Cerebrovasc Dis

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Background: Fever after acute cerebral injury is associated with unfavorable functional outcome and increased mortality, but there is controversy about the optimal antipyretic treatment. This study investigated an institutional standard operating procedure (SOP) for fever treatment in stroke patients including a sequence of pharmacologic and physical interventions. Methods: A 4-step antipyretic SOP was established for patients with acute cerebral ischemia or hemorrhage and a body temperature ≧37.5°C within the first 6 days after admission. Data on the course of body temperature, duration of fever and achievement of normothermia were recorded. Results were compared to a historic control group that underwent conventional treatment. Results: A total of 77 patients (mean age 70.4 ± 14.2 yeas) received 331 antipyretic interventions. Sequential administration of paracetamol (n = 219), metamizole (n = 71) and calf packing (n = 24) resulted in a significant drop in body temperature after 60 min in each instance. In 5 of 9 cases which were refractory to previous attempts, normothermia followed the infusion of ice-cooled saline. In more than 90% of cases treated per protocol, normothermia was achieved within 120 min. Compared to conventional treatment, fever burden was significantly lower within the first 4 days after admission (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This SOP may help to optimize antipyretic treatment for stroke patients.

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“…Directly measured brain temperatures are always higher than CT (26). Thus, the correlation of the CT with brain temperature and the best noninvasive methods for measuring the former are still uncertain (22)(23)(24)(25)27). Intestinal readings obtained by a temperature sensor did not reveal statistically significant changes in IT.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…TT may not be a valid measure of intracerebral temperature or core temperature (CT) because of reading contamination caused by direct cooling of the contiguous skin (22)(23)(24)(25). Directly measured brain temperatures are always higher than CT (26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a non-invasive interictal application of hypothermia for treating seizures: a feasibility and pilot study

Bagić

Theodore

Boudreau

et al. 2008

Acta Neurologica Scandinavica

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Objectives-To evaluate the feasibility and safety of head-neck cooling in conscious normal volunteers (10) and patients with medically refractory epilepsy (5) without causing shivering.Patients and methods-We used a non-invasive head-neck cooling system (CoolSystems Inc., Lincoln, CA, USA). The tympanic temperature (TT) and intestinal temperature (IT) were measured as two measurements of 'core temperature' (CT), and multi-site external temperatures, several physiologic variables and EEG were monitored. Seizure counts over 4-week precooling, treatment and follow-up phases were compared.Results-All 15 participants completed all the cooling sessions without significant complaints. At the end of 60 min of cooling, scalp temperature fell on average by 12.2°C (P < 0.001), TT by 1.67°C (P < 0.001), and IT by 0.12°C (P = NS). Average weekly seizure frequency decreased from 2.7 to 1.7 events per patient per week (MANOVA: P < 0.05).Conclusions-Non-invasive head-neck cooling is safe and well-tolerated. Initial pilot data in patients suggest that additional therapeutic studies are warranted.

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Temperature measurement: comparison of non‐invasive methods used in adult critical care

Abstract: Chemical and tympanic thermometers are used in both adults and children in a wide variety of settings ranging from community to intensive care. As such these findings have significant implications for patients, users and budget holders.

Cited by 71 publications

References 19 publications

The comparison of temporal temperature measurement method by non-contact infrared thermometer with other body temperature measurement methods

The comparison of temporal temperature measurement method by non-contact infrared thermometer with other body temperature measurement methods

Standardized Antipyretic Treatment in Stroke: A Pilot Study

Towards a non-invasive interictal application of hypothermia for treating seizures: a feasibility and pilot study

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