Temperature‐Responsive 4D Liquid Crystal Microactuators Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing by Two‐Photon Polymerization

Pozo, Marc del; Delaney, Colm; Cunha, Marina Pilz da; Debije, Michael G.; Florea, Larisa; Schenning, Albert P. H. J.

doi:10.1002/sstr.202270006

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…In the future, we envisage extending our route to including functional materials in the 3D-printed links, such as liquid crystal elastomers or responsive hydrogels [1,8,9,14,37,38], to be combined with different types of functional colloidal particles. Furthermore, slight alterations to the resin formulation may be considered, e.g.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing on particles: combining two-photon nanolithography and capillary assembly to fabricate multi-material microstructures

Kesteren¹,

Shen²,

Aldeghi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Additive manufacturing at the micro-and nanoscale has seen a recent upsurge to suit the increasing demand for more elaborate structures. However, the integration and precise placement of multiple distinct materials at small scales remain a challenge. To this end, we combine here the directed capillary assembly of colloidal particles and two-photon direct laser writing (DLW) to realize a new class of multi-material microstructures. We use DLW both to fabricate 3D micro-templates to guide the capillary assembly of soft-and hard colloids, and to link well-defined arrangements of polystyrene or silica particles produced with capillary assembly, a process we term "printing on particles". The printing process is based on automated particle recognition algorithms and enables the user to connect colloids into one-and two-dimensional tailored structures, including particle clusters and lattices of varying symmetry and composition, using commercial photo-resists (IP-L or IP-PDMS). Once printed and developed, the structures can be easily harvested and re-dispersed in water. The flexibility of our method allows the combination of a wide range of materials into complex structures, which we envisage will boost the realization of new systems for a broad range of fields, including microrobotics, micromanipulation and metamaterials.

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Printing on particles: combining two-photon nanolithography and capillary assembly to fabricate multi-material microstructures

Kesteren¹,

Shen²,

Aldeghi³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Since Niepce's pioneering work in 1826, which marked the generation of the first lithographic image, photoresist technology has made significant advances. [ 52–54 ] Such advances have paved the way for the generation of materials that are stimulus‐responsive [ 55–59 ] and have unlocked exciting possibilities in meta‐material designs that verge on the realm of science‐fiction, such as the intriguing concept of invisibility cloaks. [ 60 ] Nevertheless, there are several fascinating properties that still elude current photoresist technology.…”

Section: Photochemistry In 3d Printingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photochemically Activated 3D Printing Inks: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Gauci,

Vranic,

Blasco

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Abstract3D printing with light is enabled by the photochemistry underpinning it. Without fine control over our ability to photochemically gate covalent bond formation by the light at a certain wavelength and intensity, advanced photoresists with functions spanning from on‐demand degradability, adaptability, rapid printing speeds and tailored functionality are impossible to design. Herein, we critically assess recent advances in photoresist design for light‐driven 3D printing applications and provide an outlook of the outstanding challenges and opportunities. We achieve this by classing the discussed photoresists in chemistries that function photoinitiator‐free and those that require a photoinitiator to proceed. Such a taxonomy is based on the efficiency with which photons are able to generate covalent bonds, with each concept featuring distinct advantages and drawbacks.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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“…Structural colors are different from the colors generated from traditional dyes and pigments, and they can be created by light interactions with the specific physical micro/nanostructures within or on the surface of a material, which are ecofriendly and fade-resistant, and are favorable alternatives for future color applications [278][279][280]. Liu et al achieved stimuliresponsive structure colors under solution conditions by using two-photon polymerization-based FsLDW technology and a modified pH-responsive hydrogel.…”

Section: Optical Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Femtosecond laser direct writing of functional stimulus-responsive structures and applications

Zhang,

Wu,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Int. J. Extrem. Manuf.

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Diverse natural organisms possess stimulus-responsive structures to adapt to the surrounding environment. Inspired by nature, researchers have developed various smart stimulus-responsive structures with adjustable properties and functions to address the demands of ever-changing application environments that are becoming more intricate. Among many fabrication methods for stimulus-responsive structures, femtosecond laser direct writing (FsLDW) has received increasing attention because of its high precision, simplicity, true three-dimensional machining ability, and wide applicability to almost all materials. This paper systematically outlines state-of-the-art research on stimulus-responsive structures prepared by FsLDW. Based on the introduction of femtosecond laser-matter interaction and mainstream FsLDW-based manufacturing strategies, different stimulating factors that can trigger structural responses of prepared intelligent structures, such as magnetic field, light, temperature, pH, and humidity, are emphatically summarized. Various applications of functional structures with stimuli-responsive dynamic behaviors fabricated by FsLDW, as well as the present obstacles and forthcoming development opportunities, are discussed.

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Temperature‐Responsive 4D Liquid Crystal Microactuators Fabricated by Direct Laser Writing by Two‐Photon Polymerization

Abstract: Temperature responsive 4D liquid crystal microactuators fabricated by direct laser writing by two-photon polymerization. Small Structures, 3(2), [2100158 ].

Cited by 13 publications

References 38 publications

Printing on particles: combining two-photon nanolithography and capillary assembly to fabricate multi-material microstructures

Printing on particles: combining two-photon nanolithography and capillary assembly to fabricate multi-material microstructures

Photochemically Activated 3D Printing Inks: Current Status, Challenges, and Opportunities

Femtosecond laser direct writing of functional stimulus-responsive structures and applications

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