Temperature, Velocity, and Species Mapping in an Induction Plasma

Abstract

As part of an effort to determine the feasibility of carbothermic reduction of alumina in plasmas, spatial distributions of temperature, velocity and species in the plume of an argon radio-frequency plasma with alumina and carbon additions were estimated using a two dimensional theoretical model of the flow field and a thermochemical model based on equilibrium conditions. Experimentally determined boundary conditions were input to the models. Using a 30 kW inductively coupled plasma, experimental measurements were made to allow comparison with predictions. A practical process for carbothermic reduction will require prevention of back reactions, either by separation of the aluminum species or by some kind of quenching of the process. The significance of the experimental results and comparisons with predictions are discussed.

Dietary Oil Type and Late Feed Restriction Elicit Synergistic Effects on Growth, Caeca Bacteria, Carcass, Fat Accretion, and Muscle Lipids in Female Broilers

“…[ 77,78 ] Moreover, the feed‐restricted birds might have mobilized the body fats to meet the prevailing energy demand during restriction. [ 81,82 ] The current findings concur with those of Omosebi et al. [ 41 ] and Boostani et al.…”

“…[77,78] Moreover, the feed-restricted birds might have mobilized the body fats to meet the prevailing energy de-mand during restriction. [81,82] The current findings concur with those of Omosebi et al [41] and Boostani et al [40] who reported a lower abdominal in FR birds. Contrarily, Demir et al [3] did not observe changes in abdominal fat following FR in birds while FR for 6 h d −1 from third to fourth week and from fourth to fifth week improved abdominal fat in broilers.…”

“…Increased muscle fatness is largely accompanied with an increase in the accretion of neutral lipids, in which SFA and MUFA are preferentially deposited compared with PUFA. [81][82][83] This may explain why the meat of the PN and SN birds had more C18:0 and C18:1n-9, suggesting an increase in the activity of stearoyl Co-A desaturase enzyme, which converts C18:0 to C18:1n-9. In addition, the deposition of PUFA in the restricted birds might have repressed the enzymes responsible for de novo synthesis of C18:1n-9 from C18:0.…”