Template-free, microscale dimple patterning of pure titanium surface through anodic dissolution using non-aqueous ethylene glycol-TiCl4 electrolytes

Wang, Jing; Torres-Sánchez, Carmen; Borgman, James M.; Zani, Lorenzo; Conway, Paul

doi:10.1016/j.surfcoat.2020.126555

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…However, a high concentration of ethanol in the electrolyte solution entirely removes the TiCl 4 layer, leading to dissolution reactions on the surface, resulting in a poor surface finish [38]. This result is in accordance with Wang et al's finding [27], where TiCl 4 (99%) in ethylene glycol induced a major change in the anodic dissolution reaction of titanium by converting a bright fine-finish surface into a dimple pattern surface.…”

Section: Effect Of Ethanol Concentration On Surface Roughnesssupporting

confidence: 88%

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Electropolishing Parametric Optimization of Surface Quality for the Fabrication of a Titanium Microchannel Using the Taguchi Method

Mahardika

Setyawan

Sriani³

et al. 2021

Machines

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Titanium is widely used in biomedical components. As a promising advanced manufacturing process, electropolishing (EP) has advantages in polishing the machined surfaces of material that is hard and difficult to cut. This paper presents the fabrication of a titanium microchannel using the EP process. The Taguchi method was adopted to determine the optimal process parameters by which to obtain high surface quality using an L9 orthogonal array. The Pareto analysis of variance was utilized to analyze the three machining process parameters: applied voltage, concentration of ethanol in an electrolyte solution, and machining gap. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the fouling effect of blood on the microchannel. The result shows that an applied voltage of 20 V, an ethanol concentration of 20 vol.%, and a machining gap of 10 mm are the optimum machining parameters by which to enhance the surface quality of a titanium microchannel. Under the optimized machining parameters, the surface quality improved from 1.46 to 0.22 μm. Moreover, the adhesion of blood on the surface during the fouling experiment was significantly decreased, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.

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Section: Effect Of Ethanol Concentration On Surface Roughnesssupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Electrolyte chemistry can also be utilized to meet the desired specific purpose. A 40 ethylene glycol:1 TiCl 4 electrolyte was used in single-step anodic dissolution to transform a bright-finish titanium surface into a patterned matte surface [27].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electropolishing Parametric Optimization of Surface Quality for the Fabrication of a Titanium Microchannel Using the Taguchi Method

Mahardika

Setyawan

Sriani³

et al. 2021

Machines

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show abstract

“…9. [54][55][56] And those liquid products would react with air-absorbed H 2 O in solution to form titanium oxide according to Eqs. 6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of The Number of Hydroxyls and Carbons on the Solubility of Sodium Chloride in Alcohol and The Electropolishing Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Alcohol-Salt System

Liu

et al. 2021

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Ethylene glycol-sodium chloride (NaCl) is an environmentally friendly electrolyte in the electropolishing of titanium. To better understand the effect of the alcohol on the electropolishing of titanium, the solubility of NaCl in different alcohols and the electropolishing of titanium with different mixtures have been systematically investigated. The results reveal that the solubility of NaCl increases with the increase of hydroxyls (-OH), but decreases with the increase of carbons (C) in alkyl (-R). Moreover, the conductivity of the electrolyte increases both as the increasing of NaCl concentration and temperature, and methanol, 1,2-propanediol, and glycerol-NaCl electrolytes could be also selected as candidates for further electropolishing titanium group metals.

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“…According to Sethi et al, the mechanism of dissolution of Nitinol in EG + NaNO 3 electrolyte follows mass-transfer controlling dissolution, also known as the anode polishing effect where a bright surface is formed through a combination of charge transfer and diffusion [20]. The anodic dissolution of Nitinol proceeds through the formation of Ni and Ti glycolates which are colloidal in nature and slow the diffusion of ions resulting in uniform dissolution and hence giving a smoother surface [33]. However, with the increase in potential, the amount of these dissolution products becomes higher in the IEG which restricts the uniform dissolution.…”

Section: Effect Of Process Parameters On Machining Accuracy and Surfa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-time monitoring of process current and its correlation with micro-feature accuracy and surface topography in electrochemical micromachining of nitinol

Sethi,

Acharya,

Saha

2023

Eng. Res. Express

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The nickel-titanium alloy known as Nitinol classified as a shape memory alloy is distinguished by its exceptional attributes, including shape memory effect, biocompatibility, and superelasticity. However, its thermo-mechanical dependent transformation behavior makes it difficult to process using traditional methods. Electrochemical micromachining (ECMM), a non-traditional fabrication method, uses anodic dissolution process to produce microfeatures on Nitinol. The current work emphasizes the impact of process current on the machining accuracy and surface topography of microchannels produced during ECMM of Nitinol utilizing ethylene glycol-based sodium nitrate electrolyte. The ECMM process parameters that were studied are pulsed potential, molar concentration, and micro-tool scan rate, and the development of the process current resulting in variation of these parameters during microchannel fabrication was closely observed. The statistical parameters, namely, the average process current and the process current fluctuation, were derived from the process current data that were further analyzed with respect to input parameters. The machining accuracy and the surface topography of the microchannel are analyzed by measuring the width overcut, channel depth, stray region, width standard deviation, and average surface roughness of the fabricated microchannel. The results showed that monitoring the process current in real-time is an effective way of controlling the process, particularly when it comes to fabricating micro-features that must adhere to strict predetermined criteria.

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Template-free, microscale dimple patterning of pure titanium surface through anodic dissolution using non-aqueous ethylene glycol-TiCl4 electrolytes

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Electropolishing Parametric Optimization of Surface Quality for the Fabrication of a Titanium Microchannel Using the Taguchi Method

Electropolishing Parametric Optimization of Surface Quality for the Fabrication of a Titanium Microchannel Using the Taguchi Method

Effect of The Number of Hydroxyls and Carbons on the Solubility of Sodium Chloride in Alcohol and The Electropolishing Behavior of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy in Alcohol-Salt System

Real-time monitoring of process current and its correlation with micro-feature accuracy and surface topography in electrochemical micromachining of nitinol

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