Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Physical and Biological Properties along the Endurance Array of the California Current Ecosystem

Freitas, Fernanda Henderikx; Saldías, Gonzalo S.; Goñi, Miguel A.; Shearman, R. Kipp; White, Angelicque E.

doi:10.5670/oceanog.2018.113

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Over the past decade, the United States has invested in several in-and abovewater observatories that provide critical and complementary observations to the MBON. On the West Coast, the Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) Endurance Array collects multi-and hyper spectral measurements of optical properties across Oregon and Washington shelves and has been utilized to assess regional and temporal patterns of phytoplankton biomass (Freitas et al, 2018). NOAA's HF radar array measures water currents and waves several hundred kilometers offshore.…”

Section: Extend Spatiotemporal Resolution With Multi-satellite and In Situ Platform Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps

Kavanaugh¹,

Bell²,

Catlett³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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Coastal ecosystems are rapidly changing due to human-caused global warming, rising sea level, changing circulation patterns, sea ice loss, and acidification that in turn alter the productivity and composition of marine biological communities. In addition, regional pressures associated with growing human populations and economies result in changes in infrastructure, land use, and other development; greater extraction of fisheries and other natural resources; alteration of benthic seascapes; increased pollution; and eutrophication. Understanding biodiversity is fundamental to assessing and managing human activities that sustain ecosystem health and services and mitigate humankind’s indiscretions. Remote-sensing observations provide rapid and synoptic data for assessing biophysical interactions at multiple spatial and temporal scales and thus are useful for monitoring biodiversity in critical coastal zones. However, many challenges remain because of complex bio-optical signals, poor signal retrieval, and suboptimal algorithms. Here, we highlight four approaches in remote sensing that complement the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network (MBON). MBON observations help quantify plankton functional types, foundation species, and unique species habitat relationships, as well as inform species distribution models. In concert with in situ observations across multiple platforms, these efforts contribute to monitoring biodiversity changes in complex coastal regions by providing oceanographic context, contributing to algorithm and indicator development, and creating linkages between long-term ecological studies, the next generations of satellite sensors, and marine ecosystem management.

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Section: Extend Spatiotemporal Resolution With Multi-satellite and In Situ Platform Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps

Kavanaugh¹,

Bell²,

Catlett³

et al. 2021

Oceanog

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“…Here we focus on results pertinent to two Key Endurance science drivers, Climate Variability and Ecosystems, and Hypoxia on Continental Shelves. Henderikx Freitas et al (2018) describe and contrast variability between the Washington and Oregon shelves using OOI and satellite data. Barth et al (in press) use OOI data FIGURE 6 | Dissolved oxygen (µ Mol kg −1 , red) and temperature ( • C, blue) from near the bottom at the 25-m OOI Oregon Inshore mooring, and north-south wind stress (N m −2 , black) from the OOI Oregon Shelf surface mooring.…”

Section: Science Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Henderikx Freitas et al (2018) incorporate OOI mooring, and glider estimates of chlorophyll-a and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) fluorescence over the Endurance Washington and Oregon lines to characterize seasonal patterns cross-shelf gradients in particle concentrations between the Washington and Oregon shelves. The Columbia River exerts a strong seasonal influence on the Washington shelf, but smaller coastal rivers and resuspension processes also appear important in determining particle distributions nearshore during winter.…”

Section: Science Highlightsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ocean Observatories Initiative

et al. 2019

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The Ocean Observatories Initiative (OOI) is an integrated network that enables scientific investigation of interlinked physical, chemical, biological and geological processes throughout the global ocean. With near real-time data delivery via a common Cyberinfrastructure, the OOI instruments two contrasting ocean systems at three scales. The Regional Cabled Array instruments a tectonic plate and overlying ocean in the northeast Pacific, providing a permanent electro-optical cable connecting multiple seafloor nodes that provide high power and bandwidth to seafloor sensors and moorings with instrumented wire crawlers, all with speed-of-light interactive capabilities. Coastal arrays include the Pioneer Array, a relocatable system currently quantifying the New England shelf-break front, and the Endurance Array, a fixed system off Washington and Oregon with connections to the Regional Cabled Array. The Global Arrays host deep-ocean moorings and gliders to provide interdisciplinary measurements of the water column, mesoscale variability, and air-sea fluxes at critical high latitude locations. The OOI has unique aspects relevant to the international ocean observing community. The OOI uses common sensor types, verification protocols, and data formats across multiple platform types in diverse oceanographic regimes. OOI observing is sustained, with initial deployment in 2013 and 25 years of operation planned. The OOI is distributed among sites selected for scientific relevance based on community input and linked by important oceanographic processes. Scientific highlights include real-time observations of a submarine volcanic eruption, time-series observations of methane bubble plumes from Southern Hydrate Ridge off Oregon, observations of anomalous low-salinity pulses off Oregon, discovery of new mechanisms for intrusions of the Gulf Stream onto the shelf in the Middle Atlantic Bight, documentation of deep winter convection in the Irminger Sea, and observations of extreme surface forcing at the most southerly surface mooring in the world ocean.

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“…Several long-term ocean-observation programs have used electric gliders to make routine measurements of water-column properties (e.g., Cole and Rudnick, 2012;Rudnick, 2016;Freitas et al, 2018), and gliders are being deployed to collect an ever-growing suite of measurements (Testor et al, 2019). For example, gliders are used to collect data for hurricane forecasting (Domingues et al, 2019), monitoring water quality (Kohut et al, 2014), and detect harmful algal blooms (Robbins et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glider-Based Estimates of Meso-Zooplankton Biomass Density: A Fisheries Case Study on Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Around the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

et al. 2021

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We compare estimates of krill density derived from gliders to those from contemporaneous and previous ship-based surveys. Our comparisons cover several temporal and spatial scales within two strata around the northern Antarctic Peninsula (off Cape Shirreff on the north side of Livingston Island and in the Bransfield Strait). Our objective is to explore the feasibility of using gliders to supplement or replace vessel-based surveys of fishery resources. We deployed two long-duration Slocum G3 gliders manufactured by Teledyne Webb Research (TWR), each equipped with a suite of oceanographic sensors and a three-frequency (38, 67.5, and 125 kHz, each single-beam) Acoustic Zooplankton Fish Profiler. We used the acoustic data collected by these gliders to estimate biomass densities (g⋅m–2) of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The two gliders were, respectively, deployed for 82 and 88 days from mid-December 2018 through mid-March 2019. Off Cape Shirreff, glider-based densities estimated from two repeat small-scale surveys during mid-December and January were 110.6 and 55.7 g⋅m–2, respectively. In Bransfield Strait, the glider-based estimate of biomass density was 106.7 g⋅m–2 during December–January. Contemporaneous ship-based estimates of biomass density, from a multi-ship broad-scale krill survey (Macaulay et al., 2019) restricted to the areas sampled by the gliders, were 84.6 g⋅m–2 off Cape Shirreff and 79.7 g⋅m–2 in Bransfield Strait during January. We compared two alternative krill-delineation algorithms (dB differencing and SHAPES); differences between biomass densities estimated by applying these algorithms were small and ranged between 4 and 7%. Alternative methods of sampling krill length-frequency distributions (LFDs) (nets or predator diets), which are required to convert acoustic energy to biomass density, also influenced the glider-based results. In Bransfield Strait, net-based estimates of biomass density were 6% less than those based on predator diets. Off Cape Shirreff the biomass density of krill estimated from a net-based LFD was 20% greater than that based on predator diets. Development of a variance estimator for glider-based biomass surveys is ongoing, but our results demonstrate that fisheries surveys using acoustically-equipped gliders are feasible, can provide density estimates to inform management, and may be conducted at lower cost than ship surveys in some cases.

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Temporal and Spatial Dynamics of Physical and Biological Properties along the Endurance Array of the California Current Ecosystem

Cited by 15 publications

References 31 publications

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps

Satellite Remote Sensing and the Marine Biodiversity Observation Network: Current Science and Future Steps

The Ocean Observatories Initiative

Glider-Based Estimates of Meso-Zooplankton Biomass Density: A Fisheries Case Study on Antarctic Krill (Euphausia superba) Around the Northern Antarctic Peninsula

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