Temporal and spatial evolution of hydrogen leakage and diffusion from tube fittings on fuel cell vehicles under the effect of ambient wind

Shen, Yahao; Lv, Hong; Zheng, Tao; Liu, Yi; Zhou, Wei; Zhang, Cunman

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2023.113596

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…97 A variety of complex-shaped obstacles are usually involved in cockpit leaks, making it even more complicated in studying hydrogen diffusion behavior. 98 Taking the obstacles at the leakage gap into consideration can improve the accuracy of the analysis of hydrogen diffusion behavior. Currently, in the study of the leakage diffusion behavior of FCVs in confined spaces, most of the confined space scenarios are underground parking lots, tunnels, vehicles, buried pipelines, 99,100 etc.…”

Section: Zarvin Et Al 77 a New Methods Of Measuring Density Distribut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, designing an inclined HRSs top can accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen from the leak. 79,98 3.2.2. Hazard Reduction Methods.…”

Section: Hazard Reduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has also been reported that the presence of barriers facilitates hydrogen diffusion in the vertical direction but hinders diffusion in the horizontal direction . A variety of complex-shaped obstacles are usually involved in cockpit leaks, making it even more complicated in studying hydrogen diffusion behavior . Taking the obstacles at the leakage gap into consideration can improve the accuracy of the analysis of hydrogen diffusion behavior.…”

Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low pressure conditions can increase the size of the hydrogen diffusion hazardous area, and higher air temperatures and atmospheric pressures can increase the degree of the hydrogen leakage hazard. , Also, obstacles can greatly change the effect of leakage angle on hydrogen diffusion from HRSs. In addition, designing an inclined HRSs top can accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen from the leak. , …”

Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Hu,

Gao,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are increasingly put on the market and hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) are built accordingly, fatal accidents caused by explosion due to hydrogen leakage are reported and have become a critical issue. The explosion results from complicated processes associated with the so-called hydrogen jet and diffusion when the hydrogen leaks from FCVs or HRSs, demonstrating its sophisticated characteristics and presenting significant technical challenges. Recently, particularly in the past a few years, researchers have established a variety of theoretical models to reveal the relevant mechanisms and introduced a series of monitoring/diagnostic approaches to detect and control the relevant hazards. This comprehensive review summarizes the major research outcomes and particularly the state-of-the-art progresses in relation to hydrogen leakage in FCVs and HRSs, including (1) subsonic jets, (2) underexpanded jets, (3) hydrogen diffusion behavior, (4) hazard reduction methods for confined and free spaces, (5) four types of widely used hydrogen detection technologies, and (6) the application of hydrogen leakage diagnostic methods in different systems. An insight of the review is that research on hydrogen leakage related to FCVs and HRSs should be combined with the relevant realistic characteristics. The characteristics of hydrogen jets generated in real gaps are discussed, and hazard reduction methods are proposed based on the characteristics of hydrogen diffusion in different confined and free spaces. It is suggested that, in order to integrate and evaluate multiple sensor data points and more accurately determine the leakage location and the leakage level, artificial intelligence technologies could be introduced to resolve the issues encountered currently.

show abstract

Section: Zarvin Et Al 77 a New Methods Of Measuring Density Distribut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, designing an inclined HRSs top can accelerate the diffusion of hydrogen from the leak. 79,98 3.2.2. Hazard Reduction Methods.…”

Section: Hazard Reduction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrogen Diffusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Hu,

Gao,

Cheng

et al. 2024

Energy Fuels

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Besides, Gong et al (Gong et al, 2022) measured hydrogen concentration released at various temperatures in storage tanks and derived relational expressions for diffusion distance. Shen et al (Shen et al, 2023) conducted a simulation analysis on the leakage problem of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, studied the impact of wind direction on hydrogen leakage in the chassis, and measured the hydrogen leakage rate under different working conditions. Wang et al (Wang et al, 2020) studied the development of jet fires and explosions resulting from spontaneous combustion of high-pressure hydrogen, recording shock wave overpressure and flame optical signals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on active and passive schemes for safety improvement of nuclear energy hydrogen production system

Gao,

Sun,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Nucl. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Nuclear hydrogen production has the advantages of large-scale and low carbon emissions, and is expected to play an active role in the energy transition process. However, the storage and transportation of hydrogen pose potential risks of leakage and diffusion when connected to high-pressure hydrogen storage tanks and pipelines. To address this concern, this study focused on designing three distinct safety improvement schemes tailored for potential hydrogen leakage accidents. These schemes encompassed a passively distributed arrangement of obstacles (Scheme 1), a passively centralized arrangement of obstacles (Scheme 2), and an active fan array blowing (Scheme 3). Numerical simulation methods were applied on extensive spatial scales for relevant calculations. The results revealed that all three schemes effectively reduced the diffusion distance of combustible hydrogen. Specifically, at lower ambient wind speeds, Scheme 1, Scheme 2, and Scheme 3 achieved the shortest diffusion distances of 123 m, 56 m, and 46 m, respectively. Meanwhile, at higher ambient wind speeds, the corresponding distances were 282 m, 100 m, and 79 m. These results collectively offer valuable insights to mitigate the risk of leakage accidents in nuclear hydrogen production systems.

show abstract

The Simulation and Analysis of Leakage, Diffusion Behavior, and Risk Mitigation Measures in a Hydrogen‐Refueling Station

Wang,

Lyu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Energy Tech

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

As an component of hydrogen energy utilization, hydrogen‐refueling stations require considerable attention regarding their safety. In this study, the influence of wind conditions is analyzed, specifically no wind and 10 m s−1 wind speed, on hydrogen diffusion characteristics following a 70 MPa hydrogen‐filling machine leakage. In the results, it is suggested that, during the initial stage of leakage, hydrogen exists in the form of an under‐expanded jet, later transitioning to diffusion dominated by buoyancy and wind conditions after moving upward for a certain distance. When there is no wind, hydrogen is significantly affected by buoyancy and obstacles, which leads to the formation of flammable clouds. In windy conditions, the volume fraction of hydrogen in the station is smaller than that in the no‐wind condition at the same leakage time, but the flammable clouds still predominantly distribute in the direction of the hydrogen jet. In this study, risk mitigation measures based on the distribution of flammable clouds are proposed. In the results, it is shown that after implementing these measures, the volume of flammable clouds is reduced from0.135 to 0.014 m3, manifesting the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures and minimizing the risk of hydrogen explosion.

show abstract

Temporal and spatial evolution of hydrogen leakage and diffusion from tube fittings on fuel cell vehicles under the effect of ambient wind

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Comprehensive Review of Hydrogen Leakage in Relation to Fuel Cell Vehicles and Hydrogen Refueling Stations: Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Research on active and passive schemes for safety improvement of nuclear energy hydrogen production system

The Simulation and Analysis of Leakage, Diffusion Behavior, and Risk Mitigation Measures in a Hydrogen‐Refueling Station

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About