Temporal dynamics of visual category representation in the macaque inferior temporal cortex

Dehaqani, Mohammad Reza A.; Vahabie, Abdol-Hossein; Kiani, Roozbeh; Ahmadabadi, Majid Nili; Araabi, Babak Nadjar; Esteky, Hossein

doi:10.1152/jn.00018.2016

Cited by 33 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Our findings on the emergence of categorization as a function of time showed that cells discriminated faces from nonfaces before they performed a finer categorization within the face stimulus space. This is consistent with findings showing a decoding of different stimulus categories as a function of time from stimulus onset in the macaque inferotemporal cortex (61). Specifically, the authors found an earlier representation of midlevel categories (e.g., face vs. body and human vs. monkey) compared with subordinate-level categories (such as person identity).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Specifically, the authors found an earlier representation of midlevel categories (e.g., face vs. body and human vs. monkey) compared with subordinate-level categories (such as person identity). The latencies of the OFC face cells are generally above the ones reported in the temporal cortex, ranging from 80 to 120 ms using similar methods for computing the latency, i.e., a threshold on the instantaneous spike density function (61)(62)(63)(64). How the OFC face cells may combine or multiplex input from the temporal regions remains to be determined.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face cells in orbitofrontal cortex represent social categories

Barat

Wirth

Duhamel

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Perceiving social and emotional information from faces is a critical primate skill. For this purpose, primates evolved dedicated cortical architecture, especially in occipitotemporal areas, utilizing face-selective cells. Less understood face-selective neurons are present in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and are our object of study. We examined 179 face-selective cells in the lateral sulcus of the OFC by characterizing their responses to a rich set of photographs of conspecific faces varying in age, gender, and facial expression. Principal component analysis and unsupervised cluster analysis of stimulus space both revealed that face cells encode face dimensions for social categories and emotions. Categories represented strongly were facial expressions (grin and threat versus lip smack), juvenile, and female monkeys. Cluster analyses of a control population of nearby cells lacking face selectivity did not categorize face stimuli in a meaningful way, suggesting that only face-selective cells directly support face categorization in OFC. Time course analyses of face cell activity from stimulus onset showed that faces were discriminated from nonfaces early, followed by within-face categorization for social and emotion content (i.e., young and facial expression). Face cells revealed no response to acoustic stimuli such as vocalizations and were poorly modulated by vocalizations added to faces. Neuronal responses remained stable when paired with positive or negative reinforcement, implying that face cells encode social information but not learned reward value associated to faces. Overall, our results shed light on a substantial role of the OFC in the characterizations of facial information bearing on social and emotional behavior.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face cells in orbitofrontal cortex represent social categories

Barat

Wirth

Duhamel

2018

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…animal-plane and animal-car) category information was also noticeable in the temporal dynamics of category information ( Supplementary Fig. S2A; Dehaqani et al, 2016).…”

Section: Temporal Dynamics Of Category and Variation Processingmentioning

confidence: 91%

Three-stage processing of category and variation information by entangled interactive mechanisms of peri-occipital and peri-frontal cortices

Karimi-Rouzbahani

2018

Preprint

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Abstract-Invariant object recognition, which refers to the ability of precisely and rapidly recognizing objects in the presence of variations, has been a central question in human vision research. The general consensus is that the ventral and dorsal visual streams are the major processing pathways which undertake category and variation encoding in entangled layers. This overlooks the mounting evidence which support the role of peri-frontal areas in category encoding. These recent studies, however, have left open several aspects of visual processing in peri-frontal areas including whether these areas contributed only in active tasks, whether they interacted with peri-occipital areas or processed information independently and differently. To address these concerns, a passive EEG paradigm was designed in which subjects viewed a set of variation-controlled object images. Using multivariate pattern analysis, noticeable category and variation information were observed in occipital, parietal, temporal and prefrontal areas, supporting their contribution to visual processing. Using task specificity indices, phase and Granger causality analyses, three distinct stages of processing were identified which revealed transfer of information between peri-frontal and peri-occipital areas suggesting their parallel and . CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. It is made available under aThe copyright holder for this preprint (which was not . http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/189811 doi: bioRxiv preprint first posted online Jan. 10, 2018; 2 interactive processing of visual information. A brain-plausible computational model supported the possibility of parallel processing mechanisms in peri-occipital and peri-frontal areas. These findings, while advocating previous results on the role of prefrontal areas in object recognition, extend their contribution from active recognition, in which peri-frontal to peri-occipital feedback mechanisms are activated, to the general case of object and variation processing, which is an integral part of visual processing and play role even during passive viewing.

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“…car-plane) and superordinate-level (e.g. animal-plane and animal-car) category information was also noticeable in the temporal dynamics of category information 53 (Supplementary Fig. S2A ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Three-stage processing of category and variation information by entangled interactive mechanisms of peri-occipital and peri-frontal cortices

Karimi-Rouzbahani

2018

Sci Rep

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Object recognition has been a central question in human vision research. The general consensus is that the ventral and dorsal visual streams are the major processing pathways undertaking objects’ category and variation processing. This overlooks mounting evidence supporting the role of peri-frontal areas in category processing. Yet, many aspects of visual processing in peri-frontal areas have remained unattended including whether these areas play role only during active recognition and whether they interact with lower visual areas or process information independently. To address these questions, subjects were presented with a set of variation-controlled object images while their EEG were recorded. Considerable amounts of category and variation information were decodable from occipital, parietal, temporal and prefrontal electrodes. Using information-selectivity indices, phase and Granger causality analyses, three processing stages were identified showing distinct directions of information transaction between peri-frontal and peri-occipital areas suggesting their parallel yet interactive role in visual processing. A brain-plausible model supported the possibility of interactive mechanisms in peri-occipital and peri-frontal areas. These findings, while promoting the role of prefrontal areas in object recognition, extend their contributions from active recognition, in which peri-frontal to peri-occipital pathways are activated by higher cognitive processes, to the general sensory-driven object and variation processing.

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Temporal dynamics of visual category representation in the macaque inferior temporal cortex

Cited by 33 publications

References 57 publications

Face cells in orbitofrontal cortex represent social categories

Face cells in orbitofrontal cortex represent social categories

Three-stage processing of category and variation information by entangled interactive mechanisms of peri-occipital and peri-frontal cortices

Three-stage processing of category and variation information by entangled interactive mechanisms of peri-occipital and peri-frontal cortices

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