Temporal–Spatial Evolution and Influencing Factors of Coordinated Development of the Population, Resources, Economy and Environment (PREE) System: Evidence from 31 Provinces in China

Abstract

Facing the increasingly severe friction among the domains of population, resources, economy and environment (PREE) in a system, theoretical guidance for the sustainable development of a PREE system can be obtained by exploring the coordinated development of a PREE system during its temporal–spatial evolution process. Based on the PREE data of 31 provinces in China from 2010 to 2019, this study uses a spatial measurement method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the PREE systems of China’s provinces. The results show that the overall coordination level of China’s provincial PREE systems fluctuated but improved from moderate imbalance to moderate coordination. However, the differences in the regional coordination level first decreased and then increased. The distribution characteristics of the system coordination level changed from “high in the east and low in the west” to “high in the west and low in the east”, resulting in the “inversion” phenomenon of the system coordination level. The spatial correlation of the coordination level of the PREE system among provinces and cities gradually increased. The coordination level of the PREE system in the eastern, central and western regions was noticeably different, accompanied by different degrees of polarization and showing different dynamic evolution trends. In the analysis of influencing factors, it was found that seven factors, such as per capita GDP, the proportion of environmental pollution control investment to GDP and per capita energy production, promoted the coordinated development of China’s PREE system to varying degrees. The coordinated and stable development of China’s PREE system should be adjusted and optimized from the perspectives of different regions, scales and systems.

The Spatial–Temporal Characteristics and Driving Forces of the Coupled and Coordinated Development between New Urbanization and Rural Revitalization

“…Our research findings reveal a step-like pattern of "higher in the southeast and lower in the northwest" in the spatial distribution of the coupling coordination degree between new urbanization and rural revitalization. This pattern aligns with the results of Cao J. et al (2021) [49], further confirming the close relationship between the coupling coordination degree of new urbanization and rural revitalization and regional population, economy, and resources. Additionally, this study further explored several factors influencing the coupling coordination degree, among which the factor of innovation environment played a dominant role.…”

Spatiotemporal Differentiation and Driving Mechanism of Coupling Coordination between New-Type Urbanization and Ecological Environment in China

“…The coupling coordination degree of new-type urbanization and ecological environment was divided into 10 types [25], as shown in Table 1. The coefficient of variation (Cv), also known as the "standard deviation rate", is a statistic that measures the degree of variation of the observed value, and reflects the degree of dispersion on the unit mean [26]. The global test of the coefficient of variation is calculated by Cv = S/ X (10) where S is the standard deviation of a sample and X is the mean of the sample.…”

Realistic characteristics and driving mechanisms of pseudo-human settlements in Chinese cities

“…With improvements to China's comprehensive national strength, China will inevitably promote high-quality development strategies to realize the coordinated development of pseudo and real human settlements in specific regions and across the entire country. Previous research has shown that (Cao et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021a), due to the implementation and promotion of strategies for developing the western region, revitalizing the northeast, and coordinating the development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, the coordination degree of development in various parts of China has been characterized by an upward trend. However, overall, considerable opportunities remain for development.…”