Temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the South Indian state of Telangana: a population-based cross-sectional study

Marmamula, Srinivas; Khanna, Rohit C; Yellapragada, Shashank; Challa, Rajesh; Mohd, Javed; Rao, Gullapalli N

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029114

Cited by 17 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The clinical eye examination protocol is described in our previous publications. [ 14 13 14 15 16 17 ] After collecting personal and demographic information such as age, gender, education, occupation, and residential district, the awareness questionnaire was administered in the local language (Telugu) by trained field investigators and followed by clinical examination. All participants had distance and near visual acuity assessment and comprehensive eye examinations.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large population-based cross-sectional study using the rapid assessment of visual impairment (RAVI) methodology was conducted in two large districts in Telangana State, India in 2017. [ 14 ] In the earlier publications from this study, prevalence and temporal trends in vision impairment in these regions were reported. [ 14 15 ] As a part of this study, awareness of common eye conditions was assessed using a validated questionnaire.…”

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confidence: 95%

“…[ 14 ] In the earlier publications from this study, prevalence and temporal trends in vision impairment in these regions were reported. [ 14 15 ] As a part of this study, awareness of common eye conditions was assessed using a validated questionnaire. This paper reports on awareness of cataract and glaucoma in the population aged 40 years and older from two districts in Telangana State.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Awareness of cataract and glaucoma in two rural districts of Telangana, India

Marmamula

Boopalan

Khanna

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose: To determine the level of awareness of cataract and glaucoma and identify the determinants of awareness in two rural districts of Telangana, India. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted using the rapid assessment of visual impairment (RAVI) methodology in Khammam and Warangal districts. A validated questionnaire was administered to participants aged 40 years and above to assess the level of awareness of cataract and glaucoma. Results: The awareness questionnaire was administered to 3273 participants of whom 1433 (43.8%) were men, 1985 (60.6%) of them had no education, and 1645 (50.3%) were from Khammam district. In total, 2539/3273 (77.6%; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 76.1– 79.0%) participants reported awareness of cataract. Awareness of cataract was higher in Khammam compared to that in Warangal (84.4% versus 70.6%; P < 0.01). Only 41/3273 (1.25%, 95% CI: 0.90–1.69%) participants were aware of glaucoma. Awareness of glaucoma was also higher in Khammam (1.88% versus 0.61%; P < 0.01). Younger age groups, men, any level of education, and residing in Khammam were factors associated with awareness of cataract. Only having any level of education and residing in Khammam were associated with awareness of glaucoma. Conclusion: Awareness of cataract was high, but awareness of glaucoma was very poor. There is a need to spread awareness about these potentially blinding conditions. Moving forward, this can be a critical step in developing a preventive eye care strategy to achieve universal eye health in India.

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Awareness of cataract and glaucoma in two rural districts of Telangana, India

Marmamula

Boopalan

Khanna

et al. 2022

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…Our previous research reported a higher prevalence of visual impairment for distance in Warangal, which has continued to remain higher in subsequent studies. 27 An improvement in spectacles coverage (%) for distance vision was reported in Khammam district. 26 There is no comparative data available for NVI in these districts.…”

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confidence: 95%

Near-vision impairment and effective near-vision spectacle coverage in two districts in Telangana, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

et al. 2021

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ObjectivesTo investigate the prevalence of near-vision impairment (NVI) and effective spectacle coverage for near vision in those aged ≥40 years in Khammam and Warangal district in Telangana, India.DesignA population-based cross-sectional study.SettingKhammam and Warangal district in Telangana, India.ParticipantsOf 6000 people enumerated, 5357 were examined (89%). 4526 participants without distance vision impairment were included in the analysis.Main outcome measuresThe study teams visited selected households and conducted eye examinations. NVI was defined as binocular presenting near vision worse than N6. ‘Unmet need’ was deemed to be present if the unaided near vision was worse than N6 and improved to N6 with near correction among the participants who did not have spectacles for near vision. ‘Met need’ was deemed to be present when unaided near vision was worse than N6 but improving to N6 with their spectacles. The ‘undermet need’ was deemed to be present when aided near vision was worse than N6 but improved to N6 with correction. Based on these definitions, e-near-vision coverage (%) is calculated as follows: e-NVC (%)=met need/(met need+undermet need+unmet need) × 100.ResultsThe mean age was 53.5 years (SD: 10.8 years), 2534/4526 (55.8%) were women, 1819/4526 (41.8%) had at least primary school education and 2368/4526 (52.3%) were from the Khammam district. The prevalence of NVI was 55.8% (95% CI 72.5 to 75.1; n=3343). Overall, the e-NVC (%) was 31.8%. It was 40.0% in Khammam and 23.2% in Warangal.ConclusionNVI is common in Khammam and Warangal districts in Telangana with inadequate effective near-vision coverage. Effective service delivery models are needed to reach out and provide services to address NVI to achieve universal eye health coverage in the region.

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“…13 Neither the prevalence of CBS nor the presence of visual hallucinations is known from community-based population studies in India. As part of the survey of a larger epidemiological study 14 conducted during February-June 2017 to determine the prevalence of visual impairment in Khammam and Warangal districts in Telangana, India, we specifically aimed to screen for visual hallucinations and to determine its associations with clinical and demographic parameters.…”

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Prevalence of visual hallucinations

Marmamula

Sumalini

Reddy

et al. 2020

Clinical and Experimental Optometry

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Background: To determine the prevalence of visual hallucinations and to report its associations with demographic and clinical factors in a population-based survey in India. Methods: Prevalence of visual hallucinations was determined as a part of a large prospective, cross-sectional, population-based study that was carried out in two districts of Telangana, namely Khammam and Warangal. Multi-stage cluster random sampling was used in this study. The administration of the questionnaire preceded the clinical examination of the subjects. Associations with factors such as age, sex, education level and visual impairment categories were studied using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression. Results: Out of the 6,000 subjects who were enumerated from the 120 clusters in Khammam and Warangal districts, a total of 4,936 (82.3 per cent) responded. The mean age of the participants was 55.6 AE 11.8 years. Only the older age group (> 70 years of age) was associated with visual hallucinations on univariate analysis (p < 0.001). On multiple logistic regression, subjects with moderate visual impairment were found to have higher odds of experiencing visual hallucinations (odds ratio 1.48; 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.96, p = 0.006) and those who were older also had higher odds (odds ratio 1.35, p = 0.06). Conclusion: The prevalence of visual hallucinations among those with visual impairment in this population-based study was 13.8 per cent. The older age group and moderate visual impairment were noted to be the associated factors among individuals experiencing visual hallucinations.

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Temporal trends in the prevalence and causes of visual impairment in the South Indian state of Telangana: a population-based cross-sectional study

Cited by 17 publications

References 20 publications

Awareness of cataract and glaucoma in two rural districts of Telangana, India

Awareness of cataract and glaucoma in two rural districts of Telangana, India

Near-vision impairment and effective near-vision spectacle coverage in two districts in Telangana, India: a population-based cross-sectional study

Prevalence of visual hallucinations

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