Ten Percent Electrode System for Topographic Studies of Spontaneous and Evoked EEG Activities

Chatrian, Gian Emilio; Lettich, Ettore; Nelson, Paula L.

doi:10.1080/00029238.1985.11080163

Cited by 586 publications

(352 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…For the a-tDCS condition the stimulating and reference electrode were positioned over Oz and Cz, respectively [28,[45][46][47][48][49][50], as defined by the 10-20 electroencephalography coordinate system [51].The direct current was ramped up to 2 mA, kept constant for 15 mins, and then ramped down.…”

Section: Dichoptic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Recovery of Stereopsis in Adults With Amblyopia

et al. 2013

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Amblyopia is a neurodevelopmental disorder of vision caused by abnormal visual experience during early childhood that is often considered to be untreatable in adulthood. Recently, it has been shown that a novel dichoptic videogamebased treatment for amblyopia can improve visual function in adult patients, at least in part, by reducing inhibition of inputs from the amblyopic eye to the visual cortex. Non-invasive anodal transcranial direct current stimulation has been shown to reduce the activity of inhibitory cortical interneurons when applied to the primary motor or visual cortex. In this doubleblind, sham-controlled cross-over study we tested the hypothesis that anodal transcranial direct current stimulation of the visual cortex would enhance the therapeutic effects of dichoptic videogame-based treatment. A homogeneous group of 16 young adults (mean age 22.1±1.1 years) with amblyopia were studied to compare the effect of dichoptic treatment alone and dichoptic treatment combined with visual cortex direct current stimulation on measures of binocular (stereopsis) and monocular (visual acuity) visual function. The combined treatment led to greater improvements in stereoacuity than dichoptic treatment alone, indicating that direct current stimulation of the visual cortex boosts the efficacy of dichoptic videogamebased treatment. This intervention warrants further evaluation as a novel therapeutic approach for adults with amblyopia.

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Section: Dichoptic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, sham tDCS was only delivered for 30 s, whereby the current was ramped up to 2 mA and then turned off out of view of the patient [51]. Second, the tDCS electrodes were placed over the motor cortex to ensure that the 30-s period of stimulation could not influence visual cortex function.…”

Section: Dichoptic Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Recovery of Stereopsis in Adults With Amblyopia

et al. 2013

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“…Gevins and Bressler [28] indicate that sampling with 128 electrodes (interelectrode distance of 2.25 cm) may be indicated in some cases. A comprehensive system, called the 10% system, includes electrodes halfway between each of the principal 10-20 system electrodes [17], [87]. Electroencephalographic signals recorded according to such a system using a high spatial sampling frequency are called high-resolution EEGs.…”

Section: B Requirements For Time and Spatial Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of EEG/MEG Signal Processing and Modeling in the Diagnostic and Management of Epilepsy

Silva

2008

IEEE Rev. Biomed. Eng.

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“…EEG was recorded from the frontal, central, temporal, parietal, and occipital regions of the scalp (and regions in between), using the 10% electrode system (Chatrian, Lettich, & Nelson, 1985), which was based on the 10 -20 international system (Jasper, 1958). The ground electrode was mounted in the cap on the midline between the frontal pole and the frontal site.…”

Section: Eeg Recording and Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proneness to hypomania/mania symptoms or depression symptoms and asymmetrical frontal cortical responses to an anger-evoking event.

Harmon‐Jones

Abramson

Sigelman

et al. 2002

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

164

109

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The behavioral approach system (BAS) reflects the propensity to respond to signals of reward, including stimuli associated with safety and goal-oriented attack (e.g., anger). Hypomania/mania has been posited to involve increased BAS activity. In contrast, depression has been posited to involve decreased BAS activity. Building on past research, which suggests that increased left frontal cortical activity is a neurophysiological index of BAS activity, the present research tested the hypotheses that proneness toward hypomania/mania symptoms would be related to increased relative left frontal activity and that proneness toward depression symptoms would be related to decreased relative left frontal activity in response to an anger-evoking event. Results from 67 individuals who had completed a measure of proneness toward these affective symptoms and were exposed to an anger-evoking event supported the hypotheses.Prominent motivation theories share the assumption that two systems underlie much behavior. One system manages appetitive, incentive motivation and approach behavior. It has been called a behavioral activation system (Fowles, 1980(Fowles, , 1988, behavioral approach system (BAS; Gray, 1982Gray, , 1987Gray, , 1990Gray, , 1994aGray, , 1994b, and behavioral facilitation system (Depue & Collins, 1999;Depue & Iacono, 1989;Depue, Krauss, & Spoont, 1987). The other system, the behavioral inhibition system (BIS), inhibits ongoing behavior (Gray, 1982(Gray, , 1987(Gray, , 1990(Gray, , 1994b).Gray 's (1982, 1987, 1994a, 1994b) theory has served as the basis for most of the other theories. Hence, we focus on it. Gray has posited that these fundamental motivation systems are present in the mammalian central nervous system and that each responds to separate classes of reinforcing events with particular types of behavior. Moreover, each is mediated by a separate set of interacting brain structures that process particular types of information. The BIS responds to conditioned stimuli associated with punishment, conditioned stimuli associated with the omission or termination of reward (frustrative nonreward), and novel stimuli. It causes the interruption of ongoing behavior, increases arousal, which prepares the organism for the next behavior, and increases attention toward stimuli, which would increase information gain. The neural structures posited to be involved in the BIS are the septohippocampal system (composed of the septal area, entorhinal cortex, dentate gyrus, hippocampus, and subicular area), the prefrontal cortex, and the monoaminergic pathways that ascend from the mesencephalon to innervate the septohippocampal system.The BAS is posited to respond to stimuli associated with reward and relieving nonpunishment (safety). It also responds to stimuli associated with skilled escape and predatory aggression. The neural structures involved in the BAS are the basal ganglia (the dorsal and ventral striatum, and dorsal and ventral pallidum), the dopaminergic fibers that ascend from the mesencephalon (substantia nigra and nu...

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Ten Percent Electrode System for Topographic Studies of Spontaneous and Evoked EEG Activities

Cited by 586 publications

References 6 publications

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Recovery of Stereopsis in Adults With Amblyopia

Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Enhances Recovery of Stereopsis in Adults With Amblyopia

The Impact of EEG/MEG Signal Processing and Modeling in the Diagnostic and Management of Epilepsy

Proneness to hypomania/mania symptoms or depression symptoms and asymmetrical frontal cortical responses to an anger-evoking event.

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