Terahertz wave radiation from mutually injection locked multi‐element graphene nanoribbon avalanche transit time sources

Abstract

Mutual injection locking of multi-element graphene nanoribbon impact avalanche transit time (G-IMPATT) sources designed to operate at different millimeter-wave (mm-wave) and terahertz frequencies has been studied. Planar circuit is used for implementing the mutual injection locking between adjacent elements of the source operating in parallel-connected-powercombined mode. The static, high frequency and noise simulations of the proposed sources have been carried out by using in-house simulation codes based on self-consistent quantum drift-diffusion model. Results show that mutual injection locking between the adjacent elements forced the sources to oscillate nearly at a single frequency even if significantly high degree of mismatch is present among the elements of the multi-element oscillators. A minor amount of reduction in power out and insignificant deterioration in the noise performance of the multi-element G-IMPATT oscillators have been observed due to the presence of mutual injection locking between the adjacent elements.