Teratogenic effects of aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin in hamsters and mice

Ottolenghi, A; Haseman, Joseph K.; Suggs, Fred

doi:10.1002/tera.1420090104

Cited by 52 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In addition, two other studies evaluated single day exposures. A single exposure to endrin on GD 9 (Ottolenghi et al 1974) or a single exposure to gamma radiation on GD 12 (Saad et al 1991) each significantly induced development of cleft palate (Figure 2). …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Windows of Sensitivity to Toxic Chemicals in the Development of Cleft Palates

Buser

Pohl

2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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Cleft lip and cleft palate are among the most common birth defects worldwide. There is a genetic component to the development of these malformations, as well as evidence that environmental exposures and prescription drug use may exacerbate or even produce these manifestations. Thus, it is important to understand the underlying mechanisms and when these exposures affect development of the growing fetus. The purpose of this investigation was to critically review the available literature related to orofacial cleft formation following chemical exposure and identify specific time frames for windows of sensitivity. Further, an aim was to evaluate the potential for predicting effects in humans based on animal studies. Evidence indicates that chemical causes of cleft palate development are due to dose and timing of exposure, susceptibility of the species (i.e., the genetic makeup), and mechanism of action. Several studies demonstrated that dose is a crucial factor; however, some investigators argued that even more important than dose was timing of exposure. Data show that the window of sensitivity to environmental teratogens in the development of cleft palates is quite narrow and follows closely the window of palatogenesis in the fetus of any given species.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Windows of Sensitivity to Toxic Chemicals in the Development of Cleft Palates

Buser

Pohl

2015

Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B

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“…In hamsters, a single oral dose (2.5 or 5 mg/ kg) on day 7,8, or 9 p.c. caused teratogenic effects (Ottolenghi et al, 1974;Chernoff et al, 1979). Oral treatment (0.75 to 3.5 mg/ kg/ day) from the 5th to 14th day p.c.…”

Section: Insecticides 177mentioning

confidence: 97%

“…A single oral dose at 15 mg/kg on day 7, 8, or 9 p.c. was teratogenic but not embryotoxic, while 30 mg/ kg/ day was both embryotoxic and teratogenic (Ottolenghi et al, 1974). Chernoff et al (1975) treated pregnant mice and rats from the 7th to the 16th day p.c.…”

Section: Insecticides 177mentioning

confidence: 97%

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Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Moutschen-Dahmen

Degraeve

1984

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Industrial Pollutants

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“…In addition, in hamsters foetal mortality was significantly increased, and foetal weight significantly decreased. No information was provided regarding the health of the maternal animals in this study (Ottolenghi et al, 1974).…”

Section: Reproductive Toxicity Including Developmental Toxicity and Dmentioning

confidence: 99%

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their Resi-dues on a request from the Commission on the risks associated with an in-crease of the MRL for dieldrin on courgettes

2007

EFSA Journal

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SUMMARYFollowing a request from the European Commission, the Panel on Plant Protection Products and their Residues (PPR Panel) was asked to deliver a scientific opinion on the risks associated with an increase of the MRL for dieldrin on courgettes.Dieldrin was developed in the 1940s and was widely used as an insecticide up to the early 1970s. However, its use was stopped when it became clear that it has very unfavourable environmental and toxicological characteristics. Today, dieldrin is therefore banned in most countries of the world. Moreover, it is on the list of the Stockholm Convention to protect human health and the environment from persistent organic pollutants.Dieldrin is very persistent in the environment and has a strong potential to accumulate in the food chain. Due to the very slow environmental degradation of the substance, dieldrin is still a widespread soil contaminant in Europe and other places. When growing courgettes on such soils, residues can be taken up by the plants and transported to the fruits. Monitoring data from The Netherlands show that courgettes grown in greenhouses from the western part of the country do not always comply with the existing MRL of 0.02 mg/kg. The Netherlands has therefore requested an increase of this MRL-value to 0.05 mg/kg and the European Commission has asked EFSA to evaluate the toxicological implications of the proposed new MRL-value.The main reasons for prohibiting the active substance were its environmental persistence and its tendency to accumulate in animal tissues. It is therefore appropriate to ask whether exposure as a result of eating courgettes with an increased MRL, together with other known sources of exposure (e.g. through animal products), represents a potential risk for European consumers in the long as well as in the short term.The residue definition for dieldrin under current EU residue guidelines specifies dieldrin "singly or combined with aldrin, expressed as dieldrin". This definition reflects the close chemical and toxicological relationship between these two cyclodiene insecticides. There are two isomers of dieldrin, the exo-and the endo-form. Dieldrin itself is the exo-isomer. The PPR Panel 2 briefly reviewed the characteristics of the different isomeric forms of dieldrin and concluded that focus should be on the exo-form of the substance, i.e. dieldrin itself. The Panel agreed not to include photodieldrin -an environmental product of dieldrin -in further consideration because this substance is not included in the residue definition. Furthermore photodieldrin has not been studied in such detail and the literature and data on the occurrence and fate of its residue are scarce.The Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) for dieldrin in 1967, confirmed this in 1977 and converted (but not re-evaluated) it to a PTDI (Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake) in 1994. JMPR has not derived an acute reference dose (ARfD) for dieldrin. The propensity of dieldrin to accumulate in biological organisms...

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Teratogenic effects of aldrin, dieldrin, and endrin in hamsters and mice

Cited by 52 publications

References 10 publications

Windows of Sensitivity to Toxic Chemicals in the Development of Cleft Palates

Windows of Sensitivity to Toxic Chemicals in the Development of Cleft Palates

Mutagenicity, Carcinogenicity, and Teratogenicity of Insecticides

Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Plant protection products and their Resi-dues on a request from the Commission on the risks associated with an in-crease of the MRL for dieldrin on courgettes

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