Terpene-Derived Plasticizers

Synthesis of Polyisoprene Terpenoid Dendrons and their Applications in Oligo(phenylene ethynylene)s as “Shells”

“…[34] Deprotection of the MOM groups of compound 32 by hydrochloric acid gave another key intermediate diphenol 33 under reflux conditions in methanol in 95 % yield. Subsequently, diphenol 33 was treated with different RBr or RI (29)(30)(31) in the presence of potassium carbonate in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to afford compounds 34 c-34 e in satisfactory yields (81-87 %). It was noteworthy that the G1-Br (29) and G2-I (30) dendrons reacted smoothly at 50 8C but G3-I (31) did not.…”

“…Probably the earliest efforts in terpene chemistry were directed to developing a series of raw materials for a number of industrial chemicals,24 and a large number of terpene derivatives have been discovered. For example, terpene alcohols,25 terpene phenols and ethers,26 terpene acids,27 terpene‐derived ureas,28 terpene furoates,29 and terpene‐derived plasticizers30 have been explored and intensively investigated. Nevertheless, there have been very few reports in the literature on dendrimers with terpene skeletons.…”

Postulated intermediates and activated complexes in the permanganate ion oxidation of organic compounds

“…In the absence of kinetic data one can speculate that the rate-determining step involves an attack of permanganate ion on the acetylenic bond to give a transient cyclic manganese (V) ester 53 Kinetic and mechanistic studies of the permanganate ion oxidation of alkanenitronate anions 1°6, cycloalkanenitronate anions 1°7, and phenylmethanenitronate anions 1°8t1°9 have been investigated in a spectrophotometric stopped flow system by Freeman and co-workers. In alkaline solution the nitro compound is converted to the salt 5411%111 A first order dependence is found with 54, with permanganate ion, and a zero order dependence with hydroxide ion.…”

Oxidation of Alpha-Pinene

“…InTEREST in the esters of pinic acid (2,2-dimethyl-3-carboxycyclobutylacetic acid) for uses, as lubricants• and plasticizers (<S) has led to a search for economic methods for producing pinic acid from -pinene. The method of Delépine (2) involving oxidation with buffered potassium permaganate to pinonic acid (2,2-dimethyl-3-acetylcyclobutylacetic acid), followed by oxidation with calcium hypochlorite to yield pinic acid, has been utilized on a small pilot plant scale by Loeblich, Magne, and Mod (6). The yield of pinonic acid reported was 44.5% and the over-all yield of pinic acid was 25%.…”

“…amount of pinene not actually recovered and which presumably entered into reaction. 6 Per cent catalyst based on weight of pinene used.…”