Terrestrial Invertebrates

Zachariah, Trevor T.

doi:10.1002/9781119108610.ch22

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 110 publications

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“…Regulation of the relationship between trehalose and appetite and sugar mobilization in fat bodies might be disrupted when honeybees are parasitized, especially in association with a high viral charge leading to decreased trehalose concentrations [34,35]. On the other hand, insects under high stress can better resist when sugar concentrations are higher [36], which might explain the weakness and death of highly infested hives.…”

Section: Sugar Concentrations In Hemolymphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Varroa destructor on Hemolymph Sugars and Secondary Infections in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2022

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The European honeybee contributes to the agriculture by its pollination; however, the overwintering loss rate over the last decades is worrisome. Varroa destructor is considered one of the most important causes of bee colony declines. This project aims to correlate the infestation by varroa to the hemolymph sugar concentrations and bacterial and viral coinfections. Six highly infested and six control hives were compared over time. Pooled hemolymph samples from honeybees were collected for sugar concentration measurements using a previously validated portable glucometer. The hemolymph samples were submitted for bacteriology. Multiplex RT-PCR analysis was performed on honeybees for six viruses: DWV-A, DWV-B, BQCV, ABPV, KBV, and IAPV. There was also no predominance of pathogenic bacteria. In September, sugar concentrations in hemolymph were significantly lower in highly infested hives than in control hives. Infested hives showed markedly higher viral loads except for ABPV. DWV-A and BQCV viral loads from highly infested hives were significantly higher in September compared to July. A continued and severe exposure to varroa leads to increased viral charges and decreased sugar concentrations, suggesting alterations in immunity, metabolism, and reserve mobilization. These parameters contribute to the weakening and mortality of the colonies.

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Section: Sugar Concentrations In Hemolymphmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Varroa destructor on Hemolymph Sugars and Secondary Infections in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

et al. 2022

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Diagnostic Techniques and Sample Handling

Berzins¹,

Smolowitz²,

Lewbart³

2021

Invertebrate Medicine

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Analytical validation of a portable human Accu-Chek glucometer in honeybee hemolymph

et al. 2022

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Glucose and trehalose are the main energy sources used by honeybees ( Apis mellifera) for daily activities. However, there is no validated point-of-care method to reliably measure both sugars. We performed an analytical validation of a portable human glucometer (Accu-Chek; Roche) for glucose measurement in honeybee hemolymph compared to a reference method (GluCH, UniCel DxC 600; Beckman Coulter). We used 30 pooled hemolymph samples collected from the antennae of anesthetized honeybees and diluted 1:4 in 0.9% saline. We evaluated dilution linearity, spike recovery, and inter- and intra-assay imprecision. Glucose concentration was measured over time (2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 7 d, 21 d, 28 d) at various storage temperature (25°C, 4°C, −20°C, −80°C). The trehalose concentration was measured indirectly by trehalase hydrolyzation. Glucose concentrations measured by both instruments had a strong correlation (0.985, p < 0.0001) and a bias of −7.33 mmol/L (±1.96SD: 13.70 to −28.36), with linear agreement at <20 mmol/L (physiologic value: 100 mmol/L). The accuracy of the glucometer decreased at >20 mmol/L. Recovery of 115–130% of diluted spikes indicated good specificity. Inter- and intra-assay imprecision were 2.50% and 2.21%, respectively. Glucose concentrations fluctuated in stored samples dependent on time and temperature; however, glucose concentrations were constant with storage at −80°C for ≥28 d. The Accu-Chek glucometer is an adequate instrument to measure honeybee glucose concentration in hemolymph diluted with 0.9% NaCl, with good accuracy and precision at <20 mmol/L. Hemolymph storage at −80°C is suitable for long-term conservation of glucose.

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Terrestrial Invertebrates

Cited by 4 publications

References 110 publications

Effects of Varroa destructor on Hemolymph Sugars and Secondary Infections in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Effects of Varroa destructor on Hemolymph Sugars and Secondary Infections in Honeybees (Apis mellifera)

Diagnostic Techniques and Sample Handling

Analytical validation of a portable human Accu-Chek glucometer in honeybee hemolymph

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