Territórios e alianças políticas do pós-ambientalismo

Abstract

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir com o debate acerca do desmatamento no contexto da evolução das políticas de gestão fundiária e territorial na Amazônia, destacando seu papel relevante para o reconhecimento de direitos políticos de categorias sociais minoritárias. A associação do desmatamento na Amazônia sempre esteve correlacionada a problemas sociais e envolve diferentes agentes e fatores causadores conforme a área de abrangência e o momento de sua realização. Procuram-se evidenciar alguns dos principais fatores institucionais que contribuem para pôr em xeque as conquistas do modelo socioambiental por meio de um estudo de caso no assentamento rural categoria Projeto Agroextrativista Praialta-Piranheira, Pará. Essa análise permite concluir que a falta de coerência institucional representa um aspecto estrutural cujo desconhecimento incapacita a compreensão das dinâmicas territoriais da Amazônia.

Rural landscapes and agrarian spaces under soybean expansion dynamics: a case study of the Santarém region, Brazilian Amazonia

“…These results illustrate the frailty of some of these units, created as part of the conservation strategy in the socioenvironmental model, several of them being targeted by livestock expansion, timber industry, advance of soybeans, and increased mineral exploitation (Folhes et al 2015;Araújo et al 2019).…”

“…In addition to the policies induced by international markets and government, regional demands of environmental groups and social movements are also included in this context, which consider the maintenance of natural resources as a fundamental condition for social reproduction of local groups, such as indigenous people and ribeirinhos (traditional people who live in the surrounding rivers). This highlights a close relationship among sustainability, natural landscapes, and environmental services (Araújo et al 2019). As a result of the combined actions of the government, civil society, and markets (Nolte et al 2017;Ewers et al 2008), deforestation has fallen dramatically, hovering around 7000 km 2 .…”

Deforestation and the ideologies of the frontier expansion: the case of criticism of the Brazilian Amazon monitoring program

“…The creation of this plan took into account the complexity of the origins of deforestation and its environmental, social and economic consequences. Deforestation in the Amazon has always been associated with problems such as violent land conflicts, leading to hundreds of murders of indigenous and peasants each year, land grabbing, and use of labor under slave-like conditions (Araújo et al .2019). For this reason, it was dealt with at the highest level of public policy of the federal government, being coordinated by the Chief of Staff of the Presidency of the Republic (Casa Civil), with the participation of eleven ministries.…”

Historical trajectory and resilience in an agro-extractive settlement project in the Lower Tocantins River, Pará, Brazil

“…In the floodplains of the Amazon estuary, ribeirinhos 1 , or riparian communities, have established systems of utilizing natural resources that combine various subsistence activities based on family labour and use of low-impact technologies derived from traditional knowledge (FERREIRA, 2012;LIMA;POZZOBON, 2005). Concerns about recognition of territorial rights of traditional populations and sustainability of territories and production systems induce the creation of rural territories of agro-extractive identity, which culminated with the advent of Agro-extractive Settlement Projects (Brazilian acronym: PAEs) as units of conservation of sustainable use, fulfilling the demands of the environmental movement and the land claims of social movements (ARAÚJO et al, 2019).…”