TES-Based X-ray Microcalorimeter Performances Under AC Bias and FDM for Athena

Akamatsu, Hiroki; Gottardi, L.; Vries, C. P. de; Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Bruijn, M. P.; Chervenak, James A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Gao, J. R.; Herder, J. W. den; Hartog, R. den; Hoevers, H.; Kelley, R. E.; Khosropanah, P.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Kuur, J. van der; Lee, Sang Jun; Linden, A. J. van den; Porter, F. S.; Ravensberg, K.; Sadleir, J. E.; Smith, S. J.; Suzuki, T.; Wassell, E. J.; Kiviranta, Mikko

doi:10.1007/s10909-016-1525-9

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…A Germanium thermistor (Lake Shore GR50) is implemented in the Cu experimental plate, which has a temperature sensitivity α (≡ T R dR dT ) ∼ 5. At 60 mK, the base temperature in this report, the typical temperature stability is about 0.5-0.7 µK rms over a day 6 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Progress in the Development of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field Unit on Board the Athena Mission

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frequency domain multiplexing (FDM) is the baseline readout system for the Xray Integral Field Unit (X-IFU) on board the Athena mission. Under the FDM scheme, TESs are coupled to a passive LC filter and biased with alternating current (AC bias) at MHz frequencies. Using high-quality factor LC filters and room temperature electronics developed at SRON and low-noise two-stage SQUID amplifiers provided by VTT, we have recently demonstrated good performance with the FDM readout of Mo/Au TES calorimeters with Au/Bi absorbers. We have achieved a performance requested for the demonstration model (DM) with the single pixel AC bias (∆ E =1.8 eV) and 9 pixel multiplexing (∆ E =2.6 eV) modes. We have also demonstrated 14-pixel multiplexing with an average energy resolution of 3.3 eV, which is limited by non-fundamental issues related to FDM readout in our lab setup.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 63%

“…For details of the experimental setup, the readers are recommended to refer to previous works 5,6 . For the completeness, we are using cryogen free dilution unit 7 , which has a cooling power of 400 µW at 110 mK.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progress in the Development of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field Unit on Board the Athena Mission

et al. 2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Base-band feedback (BBFB) is used to increase the linearity and dynamic range of the SQUIDs 31 . A more detailed explanation of the FDM readout is given by Akamatsu et al [32][33][34] . In order not to add additional complexity to the interpretation of the data, in this work the TESs are measured in single-pixel mode, where only one device is biased at a time, and all others are left in the superconducting state.…”

Section: B Fdm Readout and Cryogenic Setupmentioning

confidence: 99%

High aspect ratio transition edge sensors for x-ray spectrometry

Wit

Gottardi

Taralli

et al. 2020

Journal of Applied Physics

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are developing large TES arrays in combination with FDM readout for the next generation of X-ray space observatories. For operation under AC-bias, the TESs have to be carefully designed and optimized. In particular, the use of high aspect ratio devices will help to mitigate non-ideal behaviour due to the weak-link effect. In this paper, we present a full characterization of a TES array containing five different device geometries, with aspect ratios (width:length) ranging from 1:2 up to 1:6. The complex impedance of all geometries is measured in different bias configurations to study the evolution of the small-signal limit superconducting transition parameters α and β , as well as the excess noise. We show that high aspect ratio devices with properly tuned critical temperatures (around 90 mK) can achieve excellent energy resolution, with an array average of 2.03 ± 0.17 eV at 5.9 keV and a best achieved resolution of 1.63 ± 0.17 eV. This demonstrates that AC-biased TESs can achieve a very competitive performance compared to DC-biased TESs. The results have motivated a push to even more extreme device geometries currently in development.

show abstract

“…Thus large format arrays must be read out using a multiplexor. Though a variety of multiplexing schemes are in use for TES readout, [35][36][37] microwave SQUID multiplexing (μ-Mux) 38 holds the most promise for reading out the large arrays we are developing for LXM. In μ-Mux, each TES signal modulates the frequency of a high-Q microwave resonator.…”

Section: Optimization For Lxmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiabsorber transition-edge sensors for x-ray astronomy

Smith

Adams

Bandler

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are developing arrays of position-sensitive microcalorimeters for future x-ray astronomy applications. These position-sensitive devices commonly referred to as hydras consist of multiple x-ray absorbers, each with a different thermal coupling to a single-transition-edge sensor microcalorimeter. Their development is motivated by a desire to achieve very large pixel arrays with some modest compromise in performance. We report on the design, optimization, and first results from devices with small pitch pixels (<75 μm) being developed for a high-angular and energy resolution imaging spectrometer for Lynx. The Lynx x-ray space telescope is a flagship mission concept under study for the National Academy of Science 2020 decadal survey. Broadband full-width-half-maximum (FWHM) resolution measurements on a 9-pixel hydra have demonstrated ΔE FWHM ¼ 2.23 AE 0.14 eV at Al-K α , ΔE FWHM ¼ 2.44 AE 0.29 eV at Mn-K α , and ΔE FWHM ¼ 3.39 AE 0.23 eV at Cu-K α. Position discrimination is demonstrated to energies below <1 keV and the device performance is well-described by a finite-element model. Results from a prototype 20-pixel hydra with absorbers on a 50-μm pitch have shown ΔE FWHM ¼ 3.38 AE 0.20 eV at Cr-K α1. We are now optimizing designs specifically for Lynx and extending the number of absorbers up to 25/hydra. Numerical simulation suggests optimized designs could achieve ∼3 eV while being compatible with the bandwidth requirements of the state-of-the art multiplexed readout schemes, thus making a 100,000 pixel microcalorimeter instrument a realistic goal.

show abstract

TES-Based X-ray Microcalorimeter Performances Under AC Bias and FDM for Athena

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Progress in the Development of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field Unit on Board the Athena Mission

Progress in the Development of Frequency-Domain Multiplexing for the X-ray Integral Field Unit on Board the Athena Mission

High aspect ratio transition edge sensors for x-ray spectrometry

Multiabsorber transition-edge sensors for x-ray astronomy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About