Test de olfato de connecticut (cccrc): valores en voluntarios sanos

Toledano, A; González, E.; Onrubia, Tomás; Herráiz, Carlos; Mate, M.A.; García, M.; Navarro, Martín; Plaza, Guillermo; Aparicio, José Miguel; Santos, Gonzalo de los; Galindo, Néstor

doi:10.1016/s0001-6519(03)78467-2

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…As previously defined (Toledano et al, 2003), a score of 5 points or more indicates normosmia, a score between 2 and 4.5 points indicates reduced olfactory function in terms of hyposmia, and a score of less than 2 points indicates functional anosmia.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of a clinical olfactory test with an artificial nose

Yáñez¹,

Toledano²,

Serrano³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroeng.

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Clinical olfactory tests are used to address hyposmia/anosmia levels in patients with different types of olfactory impairments. Typically, a given test is employed clinically and then replaced by a new one after a certain period of use which can range from days to several months. There is a need to assess control quality of these tests and also for a procedure to quantify their degradation over time. In this paper we propose a protocol to employ low-cost artificial noses for the quantitative characterization of olfactory tests used in clinical studies. In particular, we discuss a preliminary study on the Connecticut Chemosensorial Clinical Research Center Test kit which shows that some odorants, as sensed by an artificial nose, seem to degrade while others are potentiated as the test ages. We also discuss the need to establish a map of correspondence between human and machine olfaction when artificial noses are used to characterize or compare human smell performance in research and clinical studies.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Characterization of a clinical olfactory test with an artificial nose

Yáñez¹,

Toledano²,

Serrano³

et al. 2012

Front. Neuroeng.

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“…The Connecticut Test, in which the odor stimulus is contained in suitable glass flasks ( 47 ) is quite similar to the Brief-Smell Identification Test (see Table 1 ), which is administered in older people and can be used for the evaluation and diagnosis of patients with olfactory impairments, considering the advantage of its low cost. An important issue about CCCRC is that low scores can be indicative of TBI, while abnormal detection thresholds may reflect altered olfactory cell function ( 49 ). Langdon et al ( 48 ) evaluated severe smell loss in TBI patients using the Barcelona Smell Test (BAST-24), validated for the Catalan and Spanish population.…”

Section: Subjective and Objective Assessment Methods In Olfactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches

et al. 2023

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Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction (PTOD) consists of a complete or partial loss of olfactory function that may occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTOD may be linked to some neuropsychiatric features, such as social, cognitive and executive dysfunction, as well as behavioral symptoms, especially when TBI involves the orbito-frontal cortex. The diagnosis of PTOD is based on medical history and clinical data and it is supported by psychometric tests (i.e., subjective tools) as well as electrophysiological and neuroimaging measures (i.e., objective methods). The assessment methods allow monitoring the changes in olfactory function over time and help to establish the right therapeutic and rehabilitative approach. In this context, the use of the olfactory training (OT), which is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment option, could promote olfactory function through top-down (central) and bottom-up (peripheral) processes. To better manage patients with TBI, PTOD should be detected early and properly treated using the various therapeutic rehabilitative possibilities, both conventional and advanced, also taking into consideration the emerging neuromodulation approach.

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“…Given this method, the lower the concentration detected by the subject – olfactory threshold – the better the olfactory performance ( Cain, 1983, b ; Cain and Gent. 1988 ; Toledano et al 2003 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for impaired olfactory function and structural brain integrity in a disorder of ciliary function, Usher syndrome

Ramos

Ribeiro

Pereira

et al. 2019

NeuroImage: Clinical

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Diseases involving cilia dysfunction, such as Usher Syndrome (USH), often involve visual and auditory loss. Psychophysical evidence has suggested that this may also hold true for the peripheral olfactory domain. Here we aimed to go a step further by attempting to establish relations between the integrity of cortical structures and olfactory function in this condition. We investigated olfactory function for USH types 1 (USH1) and 2 (USH2). Bilateral olfactory bulb (OB) volume and olfactory sulcus (OS) depth were also analysed.Thirty-three controls with no previous olfactory deficits were age, sex and handedness-matched to 32 USH patients (11 USH1, 21 USH2). A butanol detection threshold test was performed to measure olfactory function. For OB volume and OS depth, morphometric measurements were performed using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based on detailed segmentation by three independent operators. Averaged values across these were used for the statistical analyses. Total intracranial volume was estimated using Freesurfer to account for head size variability.Olfactory threshold was significantly lower in controls when compared to USH, USH1, and USH2. OS depth was found to be shallower in both hemispheres in USH patients when compared with the control group. OB volume was not significantly different between control and USH groups, or respective subgroups. Nevertheless, butanol threshold was negatively correlated with the left OB volume for the USH type 1 subgroup. The main effect of OS depth reduction was found to be mainly due to the comparison between USH2 and controls.Our results provide evidence for morphometric changes and olfactory dysfunction in patients with USH. This correlated with a reduction in left OB volume in the USH1 subgroup, the most severe USH phenotype. The main effect of reduced OS depth was found to stem mainly from USH2 raising questions regarding a possible complex interaction between sensory olfactory loss and central cortical changes in this disease.

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Test de olfato de connecticut (cccrc): valores en voluntarios sanos

Cited by 10 publications

References 9 publications

Characterization of a clinical olfactory test with an artificial nose

Characterization of a clinical olfactory test with an artificial nose

Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches

Evidence for impaired olfactory function and structural brain integrity in a disorder of ciliary function, Usher syndrome

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