Test No. 475: Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test

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doi:10.1787/9789264264786-en

Cited by 20 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The CA test was mainly used in in vitro studies (eight assays), and in one in vivo study, representing the third most applied method to reveal GBMs’ genotoxicity ( Figure 4 ). This test intends to identify agents that induce structural CA both in cultured mammalian and in bone marrow cells of animals, as described in OECD TG 473 and 475 for the in vitro and in vivo approaches, respectively [ 47 , 48 ]. However, due to the high level of expertise and time required for the analysis, this assay is much less used than the MN assay [ 26 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

et al. 2022

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Graphene-based materials (GBMs) are a broad family of novel carbon-based nanomaterials with many nanotechnology applications. The increasing market of GBMs raises concerns on their possible impact on human health. Here, we review the existing literature on the genotoxic potential of GBMs over the last ten years. A total of 50 articles including in vitro, in vivo, in silico, and human biomonitoring studies were selected. Graphene oxides were the most analyzed materials, followed by reduced graphene oxides. Most of the evaluations were performed in vitro using the comet assay (detecting DNA damage). The micronucleus assay (detecting chromosome damage) was the most used validated assay, whereas only two publications reported results on mammalian gene mutations. The same material was rarely assessed with more than one assay. Despite inhalation being the main exposure route in occupational settings, only one in vivo study used intratracheal instillation, and another one reported human biomonitoring data. Based on the studies, some GBMs have the potential to induce genetic damage, although the type of damage depends on the material. The broad variability of GBMs, cellular systems and methods used in the studies precludes the identification of physico-chemical properties that could drive the genotoxicity response to GBMs.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

et al. 2022

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“…Preparation of metaphase chromosome spreads of bone marrow cells was done accordingly [14] with some modifications. The obtained slides were coded and scored blind using a light microscope under 1000× magnification.…”

Section: Chromosome Aberration Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

et al. 2021

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Activated charcoal (AC) can be taken orally as enterosorbent for treatment of pathological states related to exogenous and endogenous intoxications. Synthesized granulated AC with a highly developed active surface (SBET ~2700 m2/g) was used as a medical countermeasure (MCM) to acute radiation sickness (ARS) in rats after total body X-ray irradiation. AC demonstrates positive results in ARS treatment, as expressed in, (i) a decrease in body weight loss, (ii) a protection of bone marrow (BM) cells colony formation capacity, (iii) a reduction of BM chromosomal aberrations and small intestine and spleen tissue damage, (iv) an amelioration of white blood cell count, and (v) a mitigation of superoxide ion generation rate in the liver. AC oral prescription seems to be perspective modality of ARS treatment.

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Cryptic Species in Ecotoxicology

Jourdan,

Bundschuh,

Copilaș‐Ciocianu

et al. 2023

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The advent of genetic methods has led to the discovery of an increasing number of species that previously could not be distinguished from each other on the basis of morphological characteristics. Even though there has been an exponential growth of publications on cryptic species, such species are rarely considered in ecotoxicology. Thus, the particular question of ecological differentiation and the sensitivity of closely related cryptic species is rarely addressed. Tackling this question, however, is of key importance for evolutionary ecology, conservation biology, and, in particular, regulatory ecotoxicology. At the same time, the use of species with (known or unknown) cryptic diversity might be a reason for the lack of reproducibility of ecotoxicological experiments and implies a false extrapolation of the findings. Our critical review includes a database and literature search through which we investigated how many of the species most frequently used in ecotoxicological assessments show evidence of cryptic diversity. We found a high proportion of reports indicating overlooked species diversity, especially in invertebrates. In terrestrial and aquatic realms, at least 67% and 54% of commonly used species, respectively, were identified as cryptic species complexes. The issue is less prominent in vertebrates, in which we found evidence for cryptic species complexes in 27% of aquatic and 6.7% of terrestrial vertebrates. We further exemplified why different evolutionary histories may significantly determine cryptic species' ecology and sensitivity to pollutants. This in turn may have a major impact on the results of ecotoxicological tests and, consequently, the outcome of environmental risk assessments. Finally, we provide a brief guideline on how to deal practically with cryptic diversity in ecotoxicological studies in general and its implementation in risk assessment procedures in particular. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;00:1–26. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

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Test No. 475: Mammalian Bone Marrow Chromosomal Aberration Test

Cited by 20 publications

References 4 publications

Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

Genotoxicity of Graphene-Based Materials

Orally Administered Activated Charcoal as a Medical Countermeasure for Acute Radiation Syndrome in Rats

Cryptic Species in Ecotoxicology

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