Test, Trace, and Put on the Blockchain?: A Viewpoint Evaluating the Use of Decentralized Systems for Algorithmic Contact Tracing to Combat a Global Pandemic

Platt, Moritz; Hasselgren, Anton; Román-Belmonte, Juan M.; Oliveira, Marcela T. de; Corte‐Rodríguez, Hortensia De la; Olabarriaga, Sílvia D.; Rodríguez-Merchán, E. Carlos; Mackey, Tim K.

doi:10.2196/26460

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 105 publications

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“…The use of technology in the form of digital applications, platforms and artificial intelligence systems has been proposed as a possible strategy to increase the coverage and effectiveness of contact tracing [25][26][27][28][29][30]. However, issues around privacy, administrative organisation, legal, ethical and cultural considerations have emerged as hurdles to the wider use of technological platforms that could contribute to the effectiveness of contact tracing services [31][32][33][34][35][36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Riza

Kakalou

Nitsa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Contact tracing as an epidemiological strategy has repeatedly contributed to the containment of various past epidemics and succeeded in controlling the spread of disease in the community. Systematic training of contact tracers is crucial in ensuring the effectiveness of epidemic containment. Methods: An intensive training course was offered to 216 health and other professionals who work with vulnerable population groups, such as Roma, refugees, and migrants in Greece, by the scientific team of the postgraduate programme “Global Health-Disaster Medicine” of the Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, with the support of the Swiss embassy in Greece. The course was delivered online due to the pandemic restriction measures and was comprised of 16 h over 2 days. The course curriculum was adapted in Greek using, upon agreement, a similar training course to what was developed by the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Evaluation of the course was conducted in order to determine the short term satisfaction from participating in this training course. Results: A total of 70% of the course participants completed the evaluation questionnaires and all trainers gave feedback on the course. The training modules were ranked as extremely useful by the majority of the participants and over 50% of the participants specifically stated that the course content was directly related to their work with vulnerable groups. Content about the ethics of contact tracing and the effective communication skills presented were deemed most useful. Conclusion: The course was well organised and provided the required skills for effective contact tracing. Many course participants intend to use some components in their work with vulnerable populations groups. Contact tracing efforts work best in a systematic and coordinated way and the provision of systematic and organised training can greatly increase its effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Riza

Kakalou

Nitsa

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Though there are challenges, Blockchain technique shows great potential for developing privacy preserving and efficient contact tracing applications ( [25]). [26] point out several challenges and risk associated with the available contact tracing apps and analyze how the adoption of a blockchain-based decentralized network can could provide users with privacypreserving contact tracing without compromising performance and efficiency.…”

Section: B Blockchainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blockchain Driven Privacy Preserving Contact Tracing Framework in Pandemics

Li¹,

Wu²,

Chen³

2022

Preprint

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Contact tracing has been proven an effective approach to mitigate the virus spread in pandemics like COVID-19. As an emerging powerful decentralized data sharing and storage technique, blockchain has been explored to ensure data privacy and security in contact tracing processes. Existing work mostly treats blockchain as a separate storage system requiring thirdparty servers to perform data collection and computation, and avoids revealing detailed interior design of blockchain storage. However, blockchain system is capable to work as a fully automatic distributed contact tracing system without any thirdparty server by tackling the following challenges: 1) how to ensure the contact tracing correctness without compromising privacy; 2) how to design efficient and effective consensus mechanism to ensure the system security and robustness; 3) how to design an incentive mechanism to motivate people to behave honestly. In this article, we present the Blockchain Based Contact Tracing Framework for the contact tracing problem. In the framework, RSA encryption based transaction verification algorithm (RSA-TVA) is proposed to ensure contact tracing correctness, which can achieve more than 97% contact case recording accuracy even when each person has 60% chance of failing to verify the contact information. Reputation Corrected Delegated Proof of Stack (RC-DPoS) consensus mechanism is applied to jointly work with the proposed incentive mechanism, which can ensure timeliness of reporting contact cases and meanwhile balance the reward gained by different people. A novel contact tracing simulation environment is created in the simulation part, which considers three different contact scenarios. The simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness, robustness and attack resistance of RSA-TVA and RC-DPoS in the proposed Blockchain Based Contact Tracing Framework.

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“…With ten articles, visibility was also one of the most common BCT [5,20,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84]. Sixteen of the papers looked at the impact of both digitization and visibility on the SC and the COVID-19 pandemic simultaneously [5,23,[85][86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98]. While transparency technology has received little attention in prior research, and only one study has addressed this issue [99], the combination of visibility and transparency has been the subject of nine studies in the literature that was reviewed [98,[100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107].…”

Section: Blockchain Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With 12 research papers since the outbreak, the healthcare industry has made a significant contribution to the reviewed articles. Eight of them were solely on healthcare matters [3,58,62,67,80,93,112,117], while two dealt with healthcare and transportation [81,96] and one dealt with the healthcare and retail sector [99]. Eight articles discuss various areas of the industry.…”

Section: Industry Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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On Deploying Blockchain Technologies in Supply Chain Strategies and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Outlook

Nabipour

Ülkü

2021

Sustainability

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The emergence of a new pandemic, known as COVID-19, has touched various sections of the supply chain (SC). Since then, numerous studies have been conducted on the issue, but the need for a holistic review study that highlights the gaps and limits of previous research, as well as opportunities and agendas for future studies, is palpable. Through a systematic literature review on blockchain technology (BCT) deployment in supply-chain management (SCM) concerning the COVID-19 pandemic, this research seeks to add to the content of previous studies and to enlighten the path for future studies. Relevant papers were found using a variety of resources (Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ProQuest). Seventy-two articles were systematically selected, considering the PRISMA procedure, and were thoroughly analyzed based on BCT, methodologies, industrial sectors, geographical, and sustainability context. According to our findings, there is a significant lack of empirical and quantitative methodologies in the literature. The majority of studies did not take specific industries into account. Furthermore, the articles focusing on the sustainability context are few, particularly regarding social and environmental issues. In addition, most of the reviewed papers did not consider the geographical context. The results indicate that the deployment of BCT in several sectors is not uniform, and this utilization is reliant on their services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, the concentration of research on the impacts of the BCT on SCM differs according to the conditions of various countries in terms of the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings also show that there is a direct relationship between the deployment of BCT and sustainability factors, such as economic and waste issues, under the circumstances surrounding COVID-19. Finally, this study offers research opportunities and agendas to help academics and other stakeholders to gain a better knowledge of the present literature, recognize aspects that necessitate more exploration, and drive prospective studies.

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Test, Trace, and Put on the Blockchain?: A Viewpoint Evaluating the Use of Decentralized Systems for Algorithmic Contact Tracing to Combat a Global Pandemic

Cited by 13 publications

References 105 publications

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Appraisal of a Contact Tracing Training Program for COVID-19 in Greece Focusing on Vulnerable Populations

Blockchain Driven Privacy Preserving Contact Tracing Framework in Pandemics

On Deploying Blockchain Technologies in Supply Chain Strategies and the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Outlook

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