Testing ethological hypotheses of the trace fossil Zoophycos based on Quaternary material from the Greenland and Norwegian Seas

Löwemark, Ludvig

doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2015.02.025

Cited by 45 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Modern records have been recognized in several deep‐sea environments (e.g. Wetzel & Werner ; Löwemark ).…”

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Modern deep‐sea Zoophycos have been also extensively studied using X‐ray radiographs (Wetzel & Werner ; Löwemark & Schäfer ; Löwemark et al . ; see Löwemark , for recent reviews), and recently by a high‐resolution digital image treatment (Dorador & Rodríguez‐Tovar ; Dorador et al . ,b; Rodríguez‐Tovar & Dorador , ).…”

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zoophycos is restricted to water depths below 1000 m in modern deep‐sea sediments, even being present in cores from about 5000 m (Löwemark & Werner ). According to Löwemark (, and references therein), modern deep‐sea forms are closely related to particular palaeoenvironmental parameters, calm conditions, relatively low sedimentation rates, and intermediate organic carbon content. The relationship with seasonal shifts in the food flux (Jumars et al .…”

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Younger Zoophycos has been interpreted as a result of a few feeding strategies, such as surface detritus feeding, cache behaviour or gardening (Löwemark & Werner ; Löwemark & Schäfer ; Löwemark & Grootes ; Löwemark et al . ; see recent revision by Löwemark ). There have only been a few papers on the evolutionary trend of Zoophycos (e.g.…”

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evolutionary trend of Zoophycos morphotypes from the Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene in the type pelagic sections of Gubbio, Italy

Monaco

Bracchini²,

Rodrı́guez-Tovar

et al. 2017

LET

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About 200 Zoophycos specimens, including 90 specimens studied in detail, have been analysed in the continuous Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene pelagic sedimentary type sections of the Gubbio area (the Contessa Highway, Contessa Quarry and Bottaccione sections, Northern Apennines). The sediments are reddish to grey limestones and marls of the Scaglia Group and marls with volcaniclastic deposits of the Bisciaro Formation. The aim was to examine the evolutionary trend of what is probably the most debated trace fossil of all time, from the Upper Cretaceous to Lower Miocene. Despite having been found in beds ranging from the Cambrian to the present, no consensus has been reached regarding mode of construction, tracemaker or ethological explanation for Zoophycos. Four Zoophycos morphotypes are recognized at Gubbio showing variations of major and minor lamellae, apex, lobes and whorls: the Cretaceous–Eocene cone‐shaped type 1, the Upper Eocene–Middle Oligocene helicoidal type 2, the Oligocene lobate type 3 and the Upper Oligocene–Lower Miocene flat type 4. The very high ichnodensity in some beds (hundreds of specimens in discrete levels of the Bisciaro Formation, now destroyed by quarrying) seems to find explanation in abnormal concentrations of phytodetritus and organic matter on the seafloor in some periods. This very high abundance in discrete levels reflects a change in sedimentation and seafloor conditions at pre‐flysch deposition. Due to such high ichnodensity, many adjacent specimens display deformed outer margins. Taphonomic analysis shows a variation of whorls, laminae and U‐shaped lobes, reflecting ontogenetic development of the tracemaker(s) (?sipunculid worms).

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“…Modern records have been recognized in several deep‐sea environments (e.g. Wetzel & Werner ; Löwemark ).…”

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Ethological and Tracemaker Interpretationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Evolutionary trend of Zoophycos morphotypes from the Upper Cretaceous–Lower Miocene in the type pelagic sections of Gubbio, Italy

Monaco

Bracchini²,

Rodrı́guez-Tovar

et al. 2017

LET

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In both cases, the connection from deeper into the sediment to the sediment surface by a vertical connection could facilitate colonization of sediments with comparative low oxygenation and food content by pumping water oxygen into the burrow or collecting food particles from the sea floor (see Izumi, 2014 andLöwemark, 2015 for recent reviews). Quaternary Zoophycos has been interpreted as produced by a tracemaker can collect food particles from the sea floor during periods of enhanced nutrient flux and store them deep in the sediment (Löwemark and Schäfer, 2003;Löwemark, 2015). The scarce representativeness of the Zoophycos ichnofabric (6.9%) and Chondrites ichnofabric (4.6%) could therefore indicate punctual changes in the parameters within the sediment, such as decreasing pore oxygen content, leading to dysaerobic conditions, and/or increasing organic matter supply in the intervals where these traces are observed.…”

Section: Gmmentioning

confidence: 99%