Testosterone excretion rates in normal males and males with an XYY complement.

Rudd, B. T.; Galal, Osama; Casey, M. D.

doi:10.1136/jmg.5.4.286

Cited by 25 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…A similar finding in humans is that of Rudd, Galal and Casey (1968). A similar finding in humans is that of Rudd, Galal and Casey (1968).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Toward a general theory of violent aggression

Corning

1972

Social Science Information

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Before human aggression became a major concern of the behavioral sciences, it had long been the subject of philosophical speculation, and hypotheses about what the Christian theologians referred to as &dquo;the problem of evil&dquo; go back to the taproots of Western culture.Aristotle, for instance, took a balanced view of the subject, treating human aggressiveness as innate but controllable: &dquo;Man, when perfected, is the best of animals; but if he be isolated from law and justice he is the worst of all [...] If he be without virtue, he is a most unholy and savage being.&dquo; Some philosophers have taken a more dour view, however. Writing in the cut-throat atmosphere of Renaissance Italy, Machiavelli argued that: &dquo;All those who have written upon civil institutions demonstrate [...] ] that whoever desires to found a state and give it laws, must start with assuming that all men are bad and ever ready to display their vicious nature.&dquo;In recent decades, the argument about human violence has been taken over by the behavioral scientists, and three major alternative explanations have been advanced over the years -the so-called &dquo;biological-instinctual&dquo;, &dquo;social learning&dquo; (or &dquo;socio-behavioristic&dquo;) and &dquo;frustration-aggression&dquo; hypotheses 1.The biological-instinctual hypothesis, tracing its heritage to Freud, postulates an instinctive aggressive drive, or appetite. As Freud wrote: &dquo;A powerful measure of desire for aggression has to be reckoned as a part of man's instinctual endowment [...] Homo homini lupus; who has the courage to dispute it in the face of all the evidence in his own life and history ?&dquo; More recent-* This article was be prepared with the partial support of NIMH Training grant

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“…A similar finding in humans is that of Rudd, Galal and Casey (1968). A similar finding in humans is that of Rudd, Galal and Casey (1968).…”

supporting

confidence: 77%

Toward a general theory of violent aggression

Corning

1972

Social Science Information

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“…In the early literature describing males with XYY, there were reports of increased testosterone in institutionalized men with XYY, 43 which led to the belief that elevated testosterone in men with XYY leads to aggressive behavior. Follow-up studies of males with XYY have indeed found an increase in some criminal convictions, although not related to aggression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

47,XYY Syndrome: Clinical Phenotype and Timing of Ascertainment

Bardsley¹,

Kowal²,

Levy³

et al. 2013

The Journal of Pediatrics

144

155

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Objective To describe auxologic, physical, and behavioral features in a large cohort of males with 47,XYY (XYY), ages newborn to young adult. Study design This is a cross-sectional descriptive study of male subjects with XYY who were evaluated at 1 of 2 specialized academic sites. Subjects underwent a history, physical examination, laboratory testing, and cognitive/behavioral evaluation. Results In 90 males with XYY (mean age 9.6 ± 5.3 years [range 0.5-36.5]), mean height SD was above average (1.0 ± 1.2 SD). Macrocephaly (head circumference >2 SD) was noted in 28/84 (33%), hypotonia in 57/90 (63%), clinodactyly in 47/90 (52%), and hypertelorism in 53/90 (59%). There was testicular enlargement for age (>2 SD) in 41/82 (50%), but no increase in genital anomalies. No physical phenotypic differences were seen in boys diagnosed prenatally vs postnatally. Testosterone, luteinizing hormone, and follicle stimulating hormone levels were in the normal range in most boys. There was an increased incidence of asthma, seizures, tremor, and autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) compared with the general population rates. Prenatally diagnosed boys scored significantly better on cognitive testing and were less likely to be diagnosed with ASD (P < .01). Conclusions The XYY phenotype commonly includes tall stature, macrocephaly, macroorchidism, hypotonia, hypertelorism, and tremor. Physical phenotypic features were similar in boys diagnosed prenatally vs postnatally. Prenatal diagnosis was associated with higher cognitive function and less likelihood of an ASD diagnosis.

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“…4 Some physical, cognitive, and behavioral characteristics of boys with XYY resemble those observed in KS, including tall stature, verbal learning disabilities, and attentional deficits [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] ; however, boys with XYY have normal pubertal development and testosterone levels, whereas boys with KS experience childhood-onset testicular failure. 5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] The cognitive phenotypes are similar in XYY and KS, including language-based learning disabilities and mild deficits in general cognitive ability as measured by full-scale IQ, academic achievement, verbal memory, and attention. [15][16][17][18][19][20] Delayed speech development requiring speech therapy 6,11,18,19,21,22 has also been observed in both boys with XYY and boys with KS.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%