Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene Fatality: Case Report and Simple Headspace SPME-Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination in Tissues

Dehon, Betty; Humbert, Luc; Devisme, L.; Stievenart, M.; Mathieu, Didier; Houdret, Nicole; Lhermitte, Michel

doi:10.1093/jat/24.1.22

Cited by 42 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…É uma matriz com moderada complexidade e tipicamente contém compostos inorgânicos e orgânicos, com quantidade relativamente grande de sais. 59,60 A eficiência na extração pode variar devido a diversas razões. Variações no pH da urina afetam a eliminação de muitos fármacos, assim como variações na força iônica alteram a viscosidade da amostra, promovendo efeitos significantes na extração.…”

Section: Urinaunclassified

Microextração em fase líquida (LPME): fundamentos da técnica e aplicações na análise de fármacos em fluidos biológicos

Oliveira¹,

Magalhães²,

Santana³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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Ribeirão Preto -SP, BrasilRecebido em 1/12/06; aceito em 30/8/07; publicado na web em 26/2/08 LIQUID-PHASE MICROEXTRACTION (LPME): FUNDAMENTALS AND APPLICATIONS TO THE ANALYSIS OF DRUGS IN BIOLOGICAL SAMPLES. The analysis of drugs and metabolites in biological fluids usually requires extraction procedures to achieve sample clean-up and analyte preconcentration. Commonly, extraction procedures are performed using liquid-liquid extraction or solidphase extraction. Nevertheless, these extraction techniques are considered to be time-consuming and require a large amount of organic solvents. On this basis, microextraction techniques have been developed. Among them, liquid-phase microextraction has been standing out. This review describes the liquid-phase microextraction technique based on hollow fibers as a novel and promising alternative in sample preparation prior to chromatographic or electrophoretic analysis. The basic concepts related to this technique and its applicability in extraction of drugs are discussed.Keywords: liquid-phase microextraction; drug analysis; biological samples. INTRODUÇÃOAs técnicas de separação, tais como a cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC), a cromatografia gasosa (GC) e a eletroforese capilar (CE), são perfeitamente adequadas para a análise de amostras contendo inúmeros componentes. No entanto, a determinação de analitos presentes em matrizes complexas, tais como plasma, soro, sangue total, homogenatos de tecidos, saliva ou urina, geralmente requer processos prévios de preparação das amostras bem elaborados. 1 Vários motivos justificam estes procedimentos, destacando-se a necessidade de eliminação prévia de parte dos componentes devido à complexidade das matrizes biológicas, a existência de proteínas que podem adsorver nas colunas cromatográficas ou nos capilares, além da necessidade de uma etapa de concentração das substâncias a serem analisadas, geralmente presentes em nível de traços. 1,2 As técnicas mais comumente utilizadas para extração e/ou pré-concentração de compostos presentes em fluidos biológicos são a extração líquido-líquido (LLE) e a extração em fase sólida (SPE). 3 Contudo, as tendências atuais apontam no sentido da utilização de menores quantidades de amostras, até mesmo para análises de traços; obtenção de maior seletividade e especificidade na extração; aumento no potencial para automação ou utilização de métodos "online", reduzindo assim a operação manual; desenvolvimento de métodos menos agressivos ao meio ambiente, com menor desperdí-cio e, o uso de quantidade mínima ou nenhuma de solventes orgâ-nicos. 4,5 Dentro deste contexto, técnicas de microextração que utilizam quantidades mínimas de solventes orgânicos e menos etapas na preparação das amostras vêm sendo desenvolvidas. Entre as principais técnicas de microextração existentes destacam-se a microextração em fase sólida (SPME), a microextração em gota suspensa (SDME) e a extração em membranas ["supported liquid membrane" (SLM), "microporous membrane liquid-liquid extraction" (MMLLE), "liquid-phase mi...

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Section: Urinaunclassified

Microextração em fase líquida (LPME): fundamentos da técnica e aplicações na análise de fármacos em fluidos biológicos

Oliveira¹,

Magalhães²,

Santana³

et al. 2008

Quím. Nova

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“…Timecourse studies in rats dosed with TCE indicated that, over a 24 h period, the amount of metabolites (particularly TCA) increased, peaking at 8 h post-dosing. Dehon et al (2000) report a method for analyzing TCE, TCA, TCEOH and PCE in a human fatality case. Levels of PCE, TCEOH and TCA were measured from days 0-7 of hospitialization (the patient died on day 7) and generally decreased over time.…”

Section: Gas Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is also interesting to note that Xie (2001) was able to obtain cleaner chromatograms with fewer interfering peaks and lower MDLs for HAAs using EPA Method 552.2 with a single quadrupole mass spectrometer instead of an ECD. Single quadrupole mass spectrometers are predominantly used with GC methods and have been utilized for the GC-MS analysis of TCE in urine (Song and Ho, 2003) and tissues (Dehon et al, 2000), DCA in plasma and CH in plasma (Yan et al, 1999;Henderson et al, 1997). In addition, HPLC (Takino et al, 2000;Hashimoto and Otsuki, 1998;Loos and Barcelo, 2001) and CE methods (Ahrer and Buchberger, 1999) coupled with single quadrupole mass spectrometers also exist for the analysis of HAAs in water samples.…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several methods using SPME are discussed in this paper for the analysis of TCE in biological samples (Dehon et al, 2000;Xu et al, 1996;Dixon et al, 2005), HAAs in drinking water (Sarríon et al, 1999(Sarríon et al, , 2000Wu et al, 2002;Gabryelski et al, 2003), and HAAs in biological samples (Dehon et al, 2000). PDMS fibers were used for each TCE study (Dehon et al, 2000;Xu et al, 1996;Dixon et al, 2005) and three of the HAA studies (Sarríon et al, 1999;Wu et al, 2002;Gabryelski et al, 2003).…”

Section: Solid-phase Microextractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Delinsky

Bruckner

Bartlett

2005

Biomedical Chromatography

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Trichloroethylene (TCE) and some of its metabolites are potentially carcinogenic compounds that the general population is commonly exposed to in drinking water. Concentrations of TCE, dichloroacetic acid (DCA) and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) given to laboratory animals in cancer bioassays are high, whereas drinking water levels of the compounds are very low. It is not clear whether the trace amounts of TCE, DCA and TCA in drinking water pose a cancer risk to humans. The accuracy of pharmacokinetic studies relies on the analytical method from which blood and tissue concentration data are obtained. Models that extrapolate cancer risks of TCE and its metabolites from laboratory animals to humans, in turn, rely on the results of pharmacokinetic studies. Therefore, it is essential to have reliable analytical methods for the analysis of TCE and its metabolites. This paper reviews the methods currently in the literature for the analysis of TCE, DCA, TCA and, to a lesser extent, chloral hydrate (CH). Additional aspects of analytical methods such as method validation, species preservation and future directions in the analysis of TCE and its metabolites are also discussed.

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“…Un cas d'intoxication mortelle suite à une exposition accidentelle au tétrachloroéthylène d'une femme a été décrit par Dehon et al (14). Le tétrachloroéthylène, le trichloroéthylène et leurs metabolites ont pu être quantifié dans le sang, les urines et les tissus de la victime après extraction par les fibres SPME et analyse par CPG/SM.…”

Section: La Microextraction Par Fibreunclassified

Réponse analytique à une intoxication par substances volatiles

2000

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Tetrachloroethylene and Trichloroethylene Fatality: Case Report and Simple Headspace SPME-Capillary Gas Chromatographic Determination in Tissues

Cited by 42 publications

References 28 publications

Microextração em fase líquida (LPME): fundamentos da técnica e aplicações na análise de fármacos em fluidos biológicos

Microextração em fase líquida (LPME): fundamentos da técnica e aplicações na análise de fármacos em fluidos biológicos

A review of analytical methods for the determination of trichloroethylene and its major metabolites chloral hydrate, trichloroacetic acid and dichloroacetic acid

Réponse analytique à une intoxication par substances volatiles

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