Tetracycline Potentiometric Sensor Based on Cyclodextrin for Pharmaceuticals and Waste Water Analysis

Abstract

In this work, the construction and performance evaluation of PVC membranes ion-selective electrodes for the determination of tetracycline type antibiotics is described. Electrodes with the best responses were based on plastic membranes containing 31% (w/w) PVC, 68% (w/w) of dibutylphthalate as plasticizer and 1% (w/w) of b-cyclodextrin as ionophore. The electrodes were responsive over 6 months to tetracycline, oxytetracycline, doxycycline and chlortetracycline in glycine buffer solution (pH 2), in the dynamic range 2 10 À5 -10 À2 mol L À1 with a constant slope of about 55 mV/dec To enable large scale analysis reducing wastes as associated costs tubular shape electrodes were coupled to a sequential-injection analysis system and its performance evaluated using pharmaceutical samples and waste waters from a treatment facility. The sample throughput of 51 samples h À1 was enabled by the system as well as results that favorably agree with those provided by chromatographic analysis.

Sequential Injection Analysis of Anionic Surfactants Using On-line Preconcentration Technique and a Microfluidic Polymer Chip with an Embedded Ion-Selective Electrode as a Detector

“…[33][34][35] Recently, ISEs have been often used as a detector of SIA. [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] An ideal automated analytical method for the determination of ASs will be developed using a combination of advantages of the SIA system and microfluidic chips with embedded miniaturized ISEs. Generally, AS in environmental water samples is not determined using AS-ISEs because lower limit of Nernstian response of reported AS-ISEs is order of approximately 10…”

Methods for the separation, preconcentration, and determination of tetracycline antibiotics

“…Interest in the determina tion of tetracycline antibiotics and other antibiotics in water [28,72,[86][87][88][89][90][91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100][101][102][103][104], soils [105][106][107][108][109], wastewater and bottom sediments [28,[110][111][112], and manure [106,107,113,114] has quickened in the past decade. These substances and their metabolites are released into the environment in the form of complex mixtures by different ways, primarily, with effluent water from cattle breeding farms and wastewater from pharma ceutical plants and through untreated or purified municipal wastewater [115].…”

“…Honey HPLC [34], [35], [37], [69], [73] FS [120] IC [36], [38], [135][136][137] CL [116] CL [116] FIA [33] FIA [33] VA [122], [123] FS [39] ISE [91], [121] Milk HPLC [55], [60], [71][72][73][74], [80], [81], [86], [138], [139] Blood and plasma CZE [75] CZE [56], [75], [76] CEC [128] IC [20], [135], [136] Various hydrophobic sorbents with grafted alkyl radicals, as a rule, C18, are used as stationary phases in reversed phase HPLC. Table 3 summarizes the exam ples of commercially available stationary phases used for the determination of tetracyclines in food prod ucts, feed, and environmental samples.…”

“…A potentiometric sensor based on a polyvinyl chloride membrane containing dibutyl phthalate and β cyclodextrin was developed for the determination of tetracycline, oxytetracycline, chlortetracycline, and doxycycline in water and pharmaceuticals [91]. Ion selective electrodes based on polymers with the imprints of oxytetracycline [121] and chlortetracy cline [127] were used for determining these com pounds in urine [121,127], pharmaceuticals [121], fish, and serum [127].…”

Determinação condutométrica de cloridrato de tetraciclina em formulações farmacêuticas

“…Devido a essas características, o TCN é um dos antibióticos mais utilizados no mundo para tratar doenças bacterianas em humanos (infecções urinárias, clamídia, e acne) e na medicina veterinária. 1,2 Diferentes métodos analíticos como espectrofotométrico, 3,4 espectrofluorimétrico, 5,6 cromatográfico, 7-9 eletroforético, 10,11 potenciométrico 12,13 e voltamétrico, [14][15][16] foram descritos na literatura para a quantificação de TCN, em diferentes amostras como alimentícias, ambientais, biológicas e farmacêuticas. Para o doseamento de TCN em cápsulas a farmacopeia brasileira 17 descreve os métodos espectrofotométrico e cromatográfico como oficiais.…”