Tetrad effect in rare earth element distribution patterns: a method of quantification with application to rock and mineral samples from granite-related rare metal deposits

Monecke, Thomas; Kempe, Ulf; Monecke, J.; Sala, M.; Wolf, D.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7037(01)00849-3

Cited by 300 publications

(217 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The REE concentrations were normalized to C1-chondrite according to values determined by Anders & Grevesse (1989). The Ce, Eu, and Yb anomalies were calculated using the following equations (McLennan 1989;Monecke et al 2002): Ce/Ce*= Ce N /√(La N *Pr N ), Eu/Eu*= Eu N /√(Sm N *Gd N ), Yb/Yb*= Yb N /√(Tm N *Lu N ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of Syntectonic Hydrothermal Veins in the Igneous Rock of Teschenite Association (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): Growth Mechanism and Origin of Fluids

Urubek¹,

Dolníček²,

Kropáč³

2015

Geologica Carpathica

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Hydrothermal mineralization hosted by the Lower Cretaceous igneous rock of the teschenite association at Jasenice (Silesian Unit, Flysch Belt, Outer Western Carpathians) occurs in two morphological types -irregular vein filled by granular calcite and regular composite vein formed by both fibrous and granular calcite and minor chlorite, quartz, and pyrite. Crosscutting evidence indicates that the granular veins are younger than the composite vein. The composite vein was formed by two mechanisms at different times. The arrangement of solid inclusions in the marginal fibrous zone suggests an episodic growth by the crack-seal mechanism during syntectonic deformation which was at least partially driven by tectonic suction pump during some stages of the Alpine Orogeny. Both the central part of the composite vein and monomineral veins developed in a brittle regime. In these cases, the textures of vein suggest the flow of fluids along an open fracture. The parent fluids of both types of vein are characterized by low temperatures (Th =66-163 °C), low salinities (0.4 to 3.4 wt. % NaCl eq.), low content of strong REE-complexing ligands, and δ 18 O and δ 13 C ranges of + 0.2/+12.5 ‰ SMOW and -11.8/-14.1 ‰ PDB, respectively. The parent fluids are interpreted as the results of mixing of residual seawater and diagenetic waters produced by dewatering of clay minerals in the associated flysch sediments. The flow of fluids was controlled by tectonic deformation of the host rock.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genesis of Syntectonic Hydrothermal Veins in the Igneous Rock of Teschenite Association (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): Growth Mechanism and Origin of Fluids

Urubek¹,

Dolníček²,

Kropáč³

2015

Geologica Carpathica

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“…An additional feature that potentially influences the distribution of the REEs in some geological environments is the lanthanide tetrad effect (Masuda et al 1987;Monecke et al 2002). This effect causes a split of the normalised REE patterns into four consecutive curved segments that are referred to as the tetrads (first tetrad: LaCe-Pr-Nd; second tetrad: (Pm)-Sm-Eu-Gd; third: Gd-Tb-Dy-Ho; fourth: Er-Tm-Yb-Lu).…”

Section: Tetrad Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behaviour of REEs in a tropical estuary and adjacent continental shelf of southwest coast of India: Evidence from anomalies

2012

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The distribution and accumulation of the rare earth elements (REE) in the sediments of the Cochin Estuary and adjacent continental shelf were investigated. The rare earth elements like La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu and the heavy metals like Mg, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, U, Th were analysed by using standard analytical methods. The Post-Archean Australian Shale composition was used to normalise the rare earth elements. It was found that the sediments were more enriched with the lighter rare earth elements than the heavier ones. The positive correlation between the concentrations of REE, Fe and Mn could explain the precipitation of oxyhydroxides in the study area. The factor analysis and correlation analysis suggest common sources of origin for the REEs. From the Ce-anomalies calculated, it was found that an oxic environment predominates in all stations except the station No. 2. The Eu-anomaly gave an idea that the origin of REEs may be from the feldspar. The parameters like total organic carbon, U/Th ratio, authigenic U, Cu/Zn, V/Cr ratios revealed the oxic environment and thus the depositional behaviour of REEs in the region.

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“…This suggests a direct relationship between the tetrad effect and the S/V ratio, which decreases along the water column. Also, the classic effect reported by Monecke et al (2002) of coupled M-shaped and W-shaped tetrad effects recorded in SPM and seawater, respectively (Fig. 12), implies a strong relationship between weathering of volcanic ash and YREE enrichment in seawater.…”

Section: Suspended Particulate Matter (Spm)mentioning

confidence: 77%

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

Censi

Sprovieri

Larocca

et al. 2007

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

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This paper presents the results of a study based on data collected during the oceanographic cruise ANSIC 2001 carried out in the Ionian Sea during the explosive activity of Mount Etna in the summer of 2001. Anomalous low values of Y/Ho ratios in seawater suggest extensive scavenging processes on the surfaces of smectitic alteration products, with Y and Ho fractionation controlled by the differences in their electronic configurations and behaviour during solution/surface complexation equilibria. These processes can also be traced through the presence of significant tetrad effects recorded in the chondrite-normalised Rare Earth Elements and Yttrium (YREEs) patterns of suspended particulate matter. This suggests that the preferential Y scavenging from seawater is due to the formation of inner-sphere complexes with OH À groups on montmorillonite crystal surfaces. The preliminary results of kinetic experiments of YREE released from volcanic ash to coexisting seawater, and the related effects on Y/Ho ratios and Ce anomalies, are consistent with the fractionation of Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs) with respect to Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs) observed in dissolved phase. They suggest a behaviour of Y similar to that reported for LREEs, particularly for Ce and Pr.

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Tetrad effect in rare earth element distribution patterns: a method of quantification with application to rock and mineral samples from granite-related rare metal deposits

Cited by 300 publications

References 42 publications

Genesis of Syntectonic Hydrothermal Veins in the Igneous Rock of Teschenite Association (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): Growth Mechanism and Origin of Fluids

Genesis of Syntectonic Hydrothermal Veins in the Igneous Rock of Teschenite Association (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): Growth Mechanism and Origin of Fluids

Behaviour of REEs in a tropical estuary and adjacent continental shelf of southwest coast of India: Evidence from anomalies

Alteration effects of volcanic ash in seawater: Anomalous Y/Ho ratios in coastal waters of the Central Mediterranean sea

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