Tetrandrine induces cell death in SAS human oral cancer cells through caspase activation-dependent apoptosis and LC3-I and LC3-II activation-dependent autophagy

Huang, An; Lien, Jin‐Cherng; Meng, Lin; Yang, Jai Sing; Wu, Ping; Chang, Sun‐Yran; Lai, Tung Yuan

doi:10.3892/ijo.2013.1952

Cited by 52 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…LC3 is initially synthesized in an immature form, pro-LC3, which is converted into a proteolytically processed form, LC3-I, and is finally modified into the phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)-conjugated form, LC3-II. The level of LC3-II and ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I is the important markers that is reliably associated with completed autophagosomes [50,51]. In addition to LC3, it is also possible to use p62/SQSTM1 as an autophagy marker, at least in certain settings [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Apelin-13 Prevents the Delayed Neuropathy Induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate Through Regulation the Autophagy Flux in Hens

et al. 2015

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Organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy (OPIDN) is pathologically characterized by the swollen axon containing aggregations of microtubules, neurofilaments, smooth endoplasmic reticulum and multivesicular vesicles. At present, the exact mechanism of OPIDN is unclear and the effective therapeutic methods is not available to counter this syndrome. Recent studies had shown that the autophagy was involved in OPIDN. The adipocytokine Apelin is a peptide, Apelin and its receptor are abundantly expressed in the nervous system. Recent researches illuminated that Apelin was neuroprotective factor and Apelin could regulate the autophagy in vivo and vitro model. So we investigated the effect of Apelin-13 on the OPIDN induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate (TOCP) in hens and explored the role of autophagy in Apelin-13 preventing OPIDN. Adult Roman hens were given a single dose of 750 mg/kg TOCP by gavage for 21 days to induce OPIDN, and neural dysfunction were detected, and the formation of autophagosomes in spinal cord neurons was observed by transmission electron microscopy, and the molecular markers of autophagy microtubule-associated protein light chain-3 (LC3) and the autophagy substrates p62/SQSTM1 were determined by Western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that the obvious neurological dysfunction such as hindlimb paralysis and paralysis of gait was present, the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of spinal cords was significantly increased, the level of LC3-II and p62 expressions and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in spinal cords and sciatic nerve were significantly increased in the OPIDN model group compared with the control group. Compared with the OPIDN model group, the neurological dysfunction of tens was obviously reduced, the clinical signs scores was significantly decreased, the number of autophagosomes in the neurons of hen spinal cords was significantly decreased, the level of LC3-II and p62 expressions and the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I in spinal cords and sciatic nerve were significantly decreased in Apelin-13 treatment group. Our results suggested that Apelin-13 prevented against the OPIDN induced by TOCP in hens, which the mechanism might be associated with regulation autophagy flux by Apelin-13.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Apelin-13 Prevents the Delayed Neuropathy Induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate Through Regulation the Autophagy Flux in Hens

et al. 2015

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“…Autophagy is gradually considered as a hot spot owing to its function of cell waste clearance and anti-tumor effects [25]. Beclin-1 and microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) were two major markers to detect autophagy [26]. Beclin-1 is the mammalian homolog of Atg6, which plays a central role in the regulation of autophagy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oridonin phosphate-induced autophagy effectively enhances cell apoptosis of human breast cancer cells

Wang²,

Wang

et al. 2014

Med Oncol

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Oridonin is an active diterpenoid, which was extracted from traditional Chinese herbs and had been widely used in clinical treatment nowadays. Oridonin phosphate is one of the derivatives of oridonin. In the present study, we explored its anti-tumor effect and investigated the molecular mechanism of oridonin phosphate in breast cancer cell lines. Firstly, cell viability was analyzed by MTT assay. The breast cancer cells were treated with increasing concentrations of oridonin phosphate for 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The results demonstrated that oridonin phosphate inhibited the proliferation of MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Next, cell apoptosis rate was detected in oridonin phosphate-treated breast cancer cells by Annexin V-FITC/PI dual staining analysis and the data demonstrated that oridonin phosphate induced cell apoptosis of breast cancer cells in time- and dose-dependent manner. Moreover, apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting analysis. The results showed that the expression level of Bax was up-regulated and the expression level of Bcl-2 was down-regulated. Meanwhile, the level of cleaved caspase-9 was significantly increased when the cells were treated with 40 μM of oridonin phosphate for 48 h, although the expression level of pro-caspase-9 was not obviously changed. All of the data revealed that mitochondrial apoptosis pathway may be involved in the cell apoptosis induced by oridonin phosphate in breast cancer cells. Importantly, the expression levels of autophagy-related protein beclin-1 and LC3-II were significantly higher in oridonin phosphate-treated breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-436 and MDA-MB-231 for 48 h. Additionally, we further explored the relationship between apoptosis and autophagy specifically induced by oridonin phosphate in breast cancer cells. The result showed that inhibition of autophagy suppressed the cell apoptosis in oridonin phosphate-treated MDA-MB-436 cells. Taken together, the compound of oridonin phosphate simultaneously induced cell apoptosis and autophagy in breast cancer cells. Inhibition oridonin phosphate-induced cell autophagy suppressed the progression of cell apoptosis, which revealed that oridonin phosphate-induced autophagy participated in up-regulation of apoptosis in human breast cancer cells. It would provide some new clues for the therapy of breast cancer.

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“…Studies have confirmed a crosstalk between autophagy and apoptosis [39]. However, other studies have indicated that autophagy inhibits apoptosis [40].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thymoquinone Induces Cell Death in Human Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Caspase Activation-Dependent Apoptosis and LC3-II Activation-Dependent Autophagy

Chu

Hsieh

et al. 2014

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThymoquinone (TQ), an active component of Nigella sativa or black cumin, elicits cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. However, the anti-cancer effects of TQ on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remain unclear.Methodology/Principal FindingsIn this study, TQ elicited a strong cytotoxic effect on SASVO3, a highly malignant HNSCC cell line. The mechanisms of this cytotoxic effect were concentration dependent. TQ also induced apoptotic cell death in SASVO3 cells as indicated by an increase in Bax expression and caspase-9 activation. Apoptosis was possibly caspase-9 dependent because the exposure of cells to a caspase-9 inhibitor partially prevented cell death. The exposed cells also showed increased levels of autophagic vacuoles and LC3-II proteins, which are specific autophagy markers. Cell viability assay results further revealed that bafilomycin-A1, an autophagy inhibitor, enhanced TQ cytotoxicity; by comparison, Annexin V and propidium-iodide staining assay results showed that this inhibitor did not promote apoptosis. TQ treatment also increased the accumulation of autophagosomes. Using a lentivirus-shRNA system for LC3 silencing, we found that cell viability was eradicated in autophagy-defective cells. An in vivo BALB/c nude mouse xenograft model further showed that TQ administered by oral gavage reduced tumor growth via induced autophagy and apoptosis.ConclusionsThese findings indicated that TQ induced cell death in oral cancer cells via two distinct anti-neoplastic activities that can induce apoptosis and autophagy. Therefore, TQ is a promising candidate in phytochemical-based, mechanistic, and pathway-targeted cancer prevention strategies.

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Tetrandrine induces cell death in SAS human oral cancer cells through caspase activation-dependent apoptosis and LC3-I and LC3-II activation-dependent autophagy

Cited by 52 publications

References 50 publications

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Apelin-13 Prevents the Delayed Neuropathy Induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate Through Regulation the Autophagy Flux in Hens

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Apelin-13 Prevents the Delayed Neuropathy Induced by Tri-ortho-cresyl Phosphate Through Regulation the Autophagy Flux in Hens

Oridonin phosphate-induced autophagy effectively enhances cell apoptosis of human breast cancer cells

Thymoquinone Induces Cell Death in Human Squamous Carcinoma Cells via Caspase Activation-Dependent Apoptosis and LC3-II Activation-Dependent Autophagy

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